coasts- management

Question 1

hold the line

Answer 1

• hard engineering is used to protect stretches of coastline. used in areas where there is high land value

Question 2

managed retreat

Answer 2

• abandonig existing coastal defences in favour of allowing the sea to flood the land until it reaches higher land and forms a new coastline
• allows salt marshes to form a good form of natural coastal defence

Question 3

groynes

Answer 3

- wooden posts which stop the build up of material getting any further so the material builds up creating a beach
ads:
- more attractive than sea walls
dis ads:
- expensive (200,000 pounds)
- increased erosion down drift of groyne

Question 4

gabions

Answer 4

• cages of rocks which absorb the wave energy
  ads:- cheap( 11 pounds per square meter)
  dis ads:- need to be maintained regularly/ unattractive

Question 5

sea wall

Answer 5

• reflects wave energy back out to sea
  ads:- can combine with other features
• very strong
  dis ads;
• expensive ( 3000 pounds per metre)
• can start to break up
• unattractive-

Question 6

breakwater

Answer 6

• stops waves hitting the coast
  ads: - areas behind are protected and sand builds up there
  disads: - expensive ( 2000 pounds)

Question 7

rock armour (rip rap)

Answer 7

boulders absorb the energy, protecting the cliff behind

ads: - more natural- cheaper
disads: - limited life span
- powerful waves can move boulders

Question 8

do nothing

Answer 8

• exactly what it says

Question 9

beach nourishment

Answer 9

soft engineering- boulders absorb wave energy, protecting the cliff behind

ads: - good at absorbing wave energy- looks completely natural- benefits the tourist industry- often used in combination with groynes
disads: - expensive

Question 10

revetments

Answer 10

• protect the base of the cliff
  ads: - absorb wave energy
  disads: need continued maintenence-