Cognitive Approach

Question 1

● What does the cognitive approach focus on?

Answer 1

Internal mental processes

Question 2

● What are internal mental processes?

Answer 2

Thoughts, memory, perception

Question 3

● What is a schema?

Answer 3

A mental representation

Question 4

● What creates schemas?

Answer 4

Experience and knowledge

Question 5

● What is an inference in cognitive psychology?

Answer 5

A logical assumption about internal processes

Question 6

● What does the computer model compare the brain to?

Answer 6

A computer

Question 7

● What does input refer to in the information-processing model?

Answer 7

Information from the senses

Question 8

● What does processing refer to in the information-processing model?

Answer 8

Interpreting and storing information

Question 9

● What does output refer to in the information-processing model?

Answer 9

Behaviour or response

Question 10

● What is a theoretical model?

Answer 10

A step-by-step explanation of mental processes

Question 11

● What does the multi-store model suggest about memory?

Answer 11

Memory is made up of separate unitary stores

Question 12

● What are the three stages of the information-processing model?

Answer 12

Input, processing, output

Question 13

● What do schemas help us to do?

Answer 13

Make quick decisions

Question 14

● What can schemas lead to in eyewitness testimony?

Answer 14

Biased recall

Question 15

● Where are schemas stored?

Answer 15

Long-term memory

Question 16

● What does the mind do with sensory input according to cognitive psychology?

Answer 16

Processes and stores it

Question 17

● What can mental processes not be directly?

Answer 17

Observed

Question 18

● How are mental processes studied?

Answer 18

By making inferences

Question 19

● What is the cognitive explanation of depression based on?

Answer 19

Ellis’ ABC model

Question 20

● In Ellis’ model, what is ‘A’?

Answer 20

Activating event

Question 21

▲ In Ellis’ ABC model, what does ‘B’ represent?

Answer 21

Beliefs (irrational)

Question 22

▲ What does ‘C’ represent in Ellis’ ABC model?

Answer 22

Consequences

Question 23

▲ Why do cognitive psychologists use models?

Answer 23

To make testable theories about internal processes

Question 24

▲ How do schemas influence interpretation of events?

Answer 24

They guide expectations and understanding

Question 25

▲ How might a schema influence memory?

Answer 25

By shaping what we recall based on expectations

Question 26

▲ Why might schemas not be beneficial?

Answer 26

Schemas can cause biased recall / EWT

Question 27

▲ How does the theoretical model explain memory processes?

Answer 27

In stages that can be individually tested

Question 28

▲ What is the benefit of using computer models in cognitive psychology?

Answer 28

They help simulate mental processing

Question 29

▲ What kind of behaviour does cognitive psychology study?

Answer 29

That influenced by internal mental processes

Question 30

▲ How do researchers test theoretical models?

Answer 30

Using scientific experiments

Question 31

▲ What are the inputs in the computer model of the mind?

Answer 31

Sensory information

Question 32

▲ What type of analogy is used in cognitive psychology?

Answer 32

Computer analogy

Question 33

▲ How do theoretical and computer models help in research?

Answer 33

They allow for inference-making and testing

Question 34

▲ How are internal mental processes inferred?

Answer 34

Through observation of behaviour

Question 35

▲ What happens during the processing stage of the information-processing model?

Answer 35

Interpretation and storage

Question 36

✪ Why is the cognitive approach considered a form of soft determinism?

Answer 36

It recognises internal processes but allows for choice in behaviour.

Question 37

✪ Why is scientific methods a strength of the cognitive approach?

Answer 37

The research uses objective and empirical techniques such as brain scan techniques and lab experiments

Question 38

✪ What practical application has the cognitive approach led to?

Answer 38

CBT, which helps treat disorders like depression.

Question 39

✪ What is a limitation of the cognitive approach related to reductionism?

Answer 39

It ignores human emotion by comparing the mind to a computer.

Question 40

✪ Why might machine reductionism weaken the cognitive approach?

Answer 40

It overlooks emotional influences on cognition like anxiety affecting memory.

Question 41

✪ How do brain scans support cognitive neuroscience?

Answer 41

They show where mental processes occur in the brain.

Question 42

✪ What role do inferences play in studying internal mental processes?

Answer 42

They help researchers form conclusions based on observed behaviour.

Question 43

✪ Why might the use of models increase the credibility of cognitive psychology?

Answer 43

They provide structured frameworks that can be scientifically tested.

Question 44

✪ How do schemas contribute to depression according to cognitive psychologists?

Answer 44

Negative schemas influence how events are interpreted and recalled.

Question 45

✪ Why does the inability to directly observe internal processes pose a challenge?

Answer 45

It means conclusions rely on inferences, which may lack accuracy.