cold and hot

Question 1

in what medical conditions should cryotherapy not be used for?

Answer 1

chronic regional pain syndrome, haemoglobinuria, cryoglobulinemia, peripheral vascular disease, and hypersensitivity to cold

Question 2

why may cryotherapy be bad for certain medical conditions?

Answer 2

in certain conditions, skin sensitization is decreased due to poor nerve conduction, causing decreased stimulation to pain and a further risk of injury due to potential cold burns

Question 3

benefits of ice post-op

Answer 3

less pain and less opioid use in the first 24 hours

Question 4

should you as a PT recommend ice post op

Answer 4

about a 3/4 rating for ice post-op, especially for those who have had knee surgery

Question 5

in what symptoms were no improvements or declines found post-op with cryotherapy use

Answer 5

no effects for ROM and swelling

Question 6

effects of cryotherapy post childbirth

Answer 6

positive effects for perineal pain after birth

Question 7

what did rat studies reflect for cryotherapy use on muscles

Answer 7

negative effects related to delayed muscle regeneration; more specifically there was delayed proliferation, delayed changes in the number of macrophages, delayed GFs, and delayed collagen deposits

Question 8

how many days was muscle repair delayed in rat studies using cryotherapy on muscles

Answer 8

about 1-2 days

Question 9

what improvements does heat reflect for muscle recovery

Answer 9

helps to facilitate the recovery of muscle mass and fibre size

Question 10

negative effects of cryotherapy for muscles

Answer 10

delays the return to normal of muscle damage markers, subjective fatigue feelings, and disruption of the normal adaptive responses

Question 11

acronym for healing from acute injuries

Answer 11

PEACE & LOVE

Question 12

PEACE meaning

Answer 12

protection, elevation, avoid anti-inflammatories, compression, and education

Question 13

why is elevation of limbs important for healing?

Answer 13

it improves venous return

Question 14

when should you use PEACE?

Answer 14

first 24-48 hours

Question 15

why is compression important for healing?

Answer 15

is helps to improve circulation for vessels that aren’t circulating effectively

Question 16

LOVE meaning

Answer 16

load, optimism, vascularisation, and exercise

Question 17

load meaning (from LOVE)

Answer 17

return to load, ex. returning from crutches if pain is at a 3-4/10

Question 18

optimism and healing

Answer 18

studies reflect that optimism helps to improve healing compared to those who were not optimistic

Question 19

vascularisation and healing

Answer 19

pain free cardio helps to increase blood flow, cycling is good

Question 20

cycling 72+ hours after acute injuries

Answer 20

as long as knee flexion over 110 degrees is observable, cycling is good to improve blood flow

Question 21

how long after injury should LOVE be used?

Answer 21

72+ hours after

Question 22

why is LOVE so important?

Answer 22

it helps to return to baseline level faster. PEACE is good for acute stage, but more works needs to be done to reduce re injury or secondary injury

Question 23

effects of cold water immersion post exercise

Answer 23

from low quality studies so evidence is not strong, but suggests cold immersion reduces muscle hypertrophy

Question 24

when is cold water immersion good for exercise?

Answer 24

it can improve effects of recovery perception, so is good before a important game; however, not good in the training season as it is bad for tissue adaptation

Question 25

purposes of thermotherapy

Answer 25

increases skin and muscle temperature, increases intra-articular temperature, reduces muscle tension, decreases pain, and increases ROM

Question 26

when should heat not be used (contra-indications)

Answer 26

open wound and bleeding, infection, fever, metastases, impaired skin sensation, dermatitis, deep vein thrombosis, and peripheral vascular disease

Question 27

acute flare ups for chronic pain

Answer 27

should be treated as an acute injury, so good to treat with heat (if no contraindications are present); exercise and load are also very important, especially if the person is sedentary

Question 28

at what temperature is heat used in PT

Answer 28

40 C

Question 29

heat vs nothing positive effects

Answer 29

improvements in pain, positive function, and muscular strength; no improvements for disability, quality of life, ROM, and stiffness

Question 30

heat vs cold effects

Answer 30

heat had better effects for muscular strength but no other improvements

Question 31

cold or heat for muscle tension

Answer 31

heat; should be relaxing and cold is not relaxing

Question 32

heat vs exercise effects

Answer 32

quality of life improved with use of heat, but no other noticeable effects, but remember that exercise is the best remedy if that person is able to weight bear

Question 33

heat vs meds effects

Answer 33

heat had positive effects related to pain, disability, ROM, and stiffness; small effects but significant because heat > meds for pain

Question 34

heat positive effects fort acute pain

Answer 34

decreased pain, levels of disability, and better sleep

Question 35

heat for acute low back pain

Answer 35

effective when using heat wraps; more effective when combined with MT, exercise, and NSAIDs; not effective for chronic low back pain

Question 36

heat use for neck pain

Answer 36

no strong evidence found

Question 37

head effects on RA

Answer 37

no positive effects found

Question 38

so ice, heat, or exercise?

Answer 38

exercise is always best if they can weight bear or pain < 3-4/10; heat is good for pain reduction and minimal improvements in tissue damage; ice has negative effects unless used for pain and opioid reduction; but also take into consideration the contraindications