Complex Proteome

Question 1

Human proteome

Answer 1

represents the full number of proteins expressed by all the hereditary info in our DNA

Question 2

Insulin

Answer 2

Small protein

Made up of 110 amino acids (preproinsulin)

Question 3

Modifications of Insulin

Answer 3

Secreted insulin from pancreas contains 51 amino acids,
Alpha sheet 21
Beta sheet 30

Question 4

Preproinsulin is processed through ____________ resulting in _____________

Answer 4

cleavage

Proinsulin

Question 5

Proinsulin will undergo _____________ in addition to the formation of three ___________________

Answer 5

folding

Disulphide bonds

Question 6

Proinsulin is transported from ____________ to the ______________ where further cleavage occurs resulting in mature _____________

Answer 6

Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Insulin

Question 7

Phosphorylation

Answer 7

Kinases covalently attach a phosphate group to serine theornine or tyrosine

Question 8

Methylation

Answer 8

Covalent addition of a methyl group

Question 9

Acetylation

Answer 9

Addition of a acetyl group

Question 10

Receptors

Answer 10

Important proteins that receive and interpret information

Question 11

Insulin Receptors

Answer 11

• once insulin is released, insulin effector molecules will bind to receptor kinase
• binding allows our cells to transport glucose into cytoplasm

Question 12

Extracellular Insulin Signal

Answer 12

• causes a series of cytoplasmic proteins to be activated leading to an intracellular response and amplification
• activation of intracellular response leads to absorption of glucose in the cell

Question 13

Alternative Splicing

Answer 13

enables one pre-mRNA to be spliced at different spots to make many different mature mRNA that contain different combinations of transcribed exons

Question 14

Isoforms

Answer 14

some exons can be cut out because the spliceosome thinks they are introns

Question 15

Alternative splicing helps in the regulation of _______________ since the mRNA can be spliced in different ways which produces ______________ but related proteins

Answer 15

Gene expression

Different

Question 16

Post translational modifications

Answer 16

Cleavage
Folding
Disulphide bridge formation
Covalent attachment of other molecules