Translation

Question 1

tRNA

Answer 1

• made up of RNA strand

- CCA nucleotide at 3’ end for attachment of a nucleotide

Question 2

Eukaryotic initiation of translation

Answer 2

• translation initiation complex forms towards 5’ cap of mRNA and scans until start codon
• large and small subunits of ribosome will assemble to form a functional ribosome
• initiation factors are released

Question 3

Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic elongation during translation

Answer 3

• methionine starts at P site
• each tRNA enters at the A site
• charged tRNA enters the P site and a peptide bond is formed allowing the amino acid to be released from tRNA
• uncharged tRNA goes to E site where it leaves the ribosome

Question 4

Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Termination

Answer 4

• once stop codon is reached, GTP bound release factors will bind to A site and catalyze the bond between terminal amino acid and tRNA
• further GTP hydrolysis will enable the dissociation of subunits

Question 5

Prokaryotic initiation of translation

Answer 5

have no 5’ caps so it will start at Shine Dalgarno Sequences

-ribosome has to be assembled, mRNA has to be attached, tRNA methionine has to be assembled, initiation factors

Question 6

Beadle and Tatum

Answer 6

• Neurospora Crassa was able to grow on a medium that contains only simple sugars and a few other essential nutrients
• these genes convert these simple ingredients into proteins necessary for survival

Question 7

Srb and Horowitz

Answer 7

• wanted to see if specific genes produced each of the three enzymes needed for arginine synthesis
• no cells grew when supplemented with just ornithine or citrulline
• when it was supplemented with arginine all three mutants grew