Concepts

Question 1

Concepts

Answer 1

• categories of objects, events, and ideas with common properties
• allow us to make a comparison to a category we already know
• 3 basic elements

Question 2

Defining attributes

Answer 2

• distinctive features (natural concepts do not have to have all the defining or distinctive features)

Question 3

Prototypes

Answer 3

• an image that captures the essence (most or all of the features) of the concept
• best representative of its category
• most people think that this is typical of that concept

Question 4

Exemplars

Answer 4

• actual memories of the concept
• episodic memory of the concept
  (experience you had personally)

Question 5

Language

Answer 5

• a system of symbols
• two basic elements: symbols and rules

Question 6

Symbols

Answer 6

such as words

Question 7

Rules

Answer 7

for combining these symbols (syntax)

Question 8

Phoneme

Answer 8

• smallest unit of sound affecting speech
• English uses about 40 phonemes
• ex: t, b, ph, th

Question 9

Morpheme

Answer 9

• smallest units of meaningful sounds
• prefixes, suffixes, and root words
• ex: ly, pre, shoe

Question 10

Syntax

Answer 10

• grammatical rules
• used to combine words into phrases and sentences
• ex: subject-verb-object

Question 11

Pragmatist

Answer 11

• social conventions of language
• use of language in social settings
• ex: turn-taking, eye contact, whispering

Question 12

1st stage in language development

Answer 12

• First Year
• birth to 12 months
  - crying - two months
  - cooing/ long vowel sounds -
  two months
  - babbling/ vowel and
  consonant combinations - six
  months
• around 10-12 months they start to understand several words and speak the first recognizable word
• earliest words tend to be nouns
  -use holophrases and over extensions

Question 13

Holophrase

Answer 13

communicating with one word to communicate an entire sentence of meaning

Question 14

Overextension

Answer 14

using a word in more places then the meaning applies

Question 15

2nd year of language development

Answer 15

• 18-36 months
  - vocabulary expands
  dramatically
  - learn several new words a
  day
  - know about 50 to 100
  words by age of two
  - first sentence

Question 16

Telegraphic speech

Answer 16

basic terms as whole sentence

Question 17

3rd year of language development and beyond

Answer 17

• learning basic rules
• past tense, plural
• makes mistakes
  *over-regularization / over-generalization

Question 18

Over-regularization/ Over-generalization

Answer 18

using rules in places where they don’t apply