Confidence

Question 1

What is sports confidence

Answer 1

A general disposition, which is stable and global ( far reaching and inclusive)
How someone feels against their abilities
eg am i good at sport

Question 2

What is self efficiency

Answer 2

A specific type of self confidence
How sure someone is of their competence in a task specific skill
It is unstable
Eg hockey goal keeper may be happy in their ability to stop a goal in a school pe lesson, but less confidence in a competitive league match

People with high self efficacy tend to adopt approach behaviour

People with low self efficacy tend to adopt avoidance behaviour

Question 3

A high level of sports confidence can have the following positive impacts, what are they ?

Answer 3

Increased quality of performance and success … due to increased participation and persistence

Increased participation… due to the expectation of success and therefore enjoyment/motivation

Increased self esteem (how someone feels about or judges their value) … due to
experiencing success

Question 4

What does valleys model explain

Answer 4

The level of confidence a performer feels as they approach a sports performance

The effects of their evaluation of the outcome on future performance

Question 5

What is the meaning of “trait sports confidence” from the model

Answer 5

an individual’s innate, natural belief in their general sporting ability. (Enduring stays roughly constant)

Question 6

What is the meaning of the key term “Competitive orientation” from the model

Answer 6

how prepared an individual is to compete, and the types of goal that they have set (performance or product/outcome).

High trait and heigh competitive feeds into state, this leads to how we behave

Question 7

What is the meaning of “Objective sports situation” from the model

Answer 7

the nature of the task that is to be performed

Question 8

What is the meaning of “State sports confidence” from the model

Answer 8

an individual’s (unstable and changeable) belief in their ability to be successful at a particular time.(eg trying to learn back handspring goes wrong= reduced state)

Question 9

What is meant by “Subjective perceptions of outcome” from the model

Answer 9

the extent to which a performer believes their performance was successful

Question 10

Banduras theory suggests that a performers level of self efficiency (task specific confidence) depends on 4 factors:

Answer 10

1. Performance accomplishments-The previous successes that a performer has had. If a performer is reminded of previous mastery of tasks, self efficacy increases.
2. Vicarious experiences-Watching others of equal ability succeeding at the task. If a performer is shown an accurate demonstration, self efficacy increases.
3. Verbal persuasion-Being convinced that they have the ability to be successful at the task. Positive talk from a coach increases self efficacy. Experienced performers can use positive self talk, to persuade themselves.
4. Emotional arousal-The performer’s perception of their psychological and physiological state. If a performer can view their heightened arousal as readiness for
   performance, efficacy will increase.

Question 11

Strategies to raise self-efficacy for a high jumper:

Answer 11

-Try to give her initial success by lowering the bar or using flexi-rope (performance accomplishments)

-Live demo with someone of a similar ability (vicarious experiences)

-Verbally encourage - ‘have a go”, ‘you will succeed”, ‘it’s a soft mat’(verbal persuasion)

-Tell her that being worried is natural - prepares the body well. (to implement emotional arousal)

-Teach relaxation techniques / mental rehearsal.