1
Q
Ataxia
A
- Term used to combine cerebellar dysfunction on gait, posture, & pattern of movement - error in rate, rhythm, and timing
- Generally wide BOS, sway, seems similar to someone who is intoxicated
2
Q
Hypotonia
A
- Decreased in muscle tone & DTR
- Common with cerebellar dysfunction
3
Q
Dysmetria
A
- Disturbance in ability to judge the distance and range of movement
- Can be overestimation (hypermetria) or underestimation (hypometria)
- Execution of movement problem
4
Q
Dysdiadochokinesia
A
- Impaired ability to perform rapid alternating movements
- Movements are irregular, with a rapid loss of range and rhythm
- Common with cerebellar dysfunction
5
Q
Tremor
A
- Involuntary oscillatory movement resulting from alternate contractions of opposing muscle groups
- Intention/kinetic tremor = occurs during voluntary motion of a limb and increases as limb reaches its goal (cerebellar)
- Resting tremor = with Parkinson’s (basal ganglia) - decreases with movement
- Postural/static tremor = back and forth oscillatory movements of body while person maintains standing posture
6
Q
Dysynergia
A
- Movement performed in a sequence of component parts rather than as a single, smooth activity
7
Q
Dysarthria
A
- Disorder of motor components of speech articulation
- Slow, slurred, hesitant with prolonged syllables and inappropriate pauses
- Scanning speech-melodic quality of speech is impaired
8
Q
Nystagmus
A
- Rhythmic, oscillatory movement of eyes
- Causes difficulty with accurate fixation
9
Q
Rebound phenomenon
A
- Specific to cerebellar dysfunction
- Loss of check reflex or check factor (resistance to isometric contraction)
10
Q
Asthenia
A
- Generalized weakness associated with cerebellar weakness
11
Q
Bradykinesia
A
- Basal ganglia
- Slowed or decreased movement; decreased speed and amplitude
12
Q
Rigidity
A
- Increase in muscle tone on both sides of the joint, causing greater resistance to passive movements
- More pronounced in trunk flexors
- Basal ganglia
13
Q
Akinesia
A
- Inability to initiate movement; freezing episodes
- Basal ganglia
14
Q
Athetosis
A
- Slow, involuntary, writhing, twisting movements
- Seen with spasticity, tonic spasms, and chorea
- Common with basal ganglia disorders, such as CP
15
Q
Chorea
A
- Rapid, involuntary, irregular, jerky movements that are frequent and brief
- Basal ganglia
- Common with Huntington’s
16
Q
Hemiballisumus
A
- Sudden, jerky, forceful, wild, flailing movements of arm and leg on one side of body
- Primarily axial and proximal musculature
- Basal ganglia
17
Q
Dystonia
A
- Sustained, involuntary muscle contractions of agonist and antagonist muscles of extremities –> frequent twisting, bizarre movements, and postures
Neuro Disorders
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