Motor Control

Question 1

Flexion Synergy

Answer 1

• Scapula retraction and elevation
• Shoulder abduction and ER
• Elbow flexion
• Forearm supination
• Wrist & finger flexion
• Hip flexion
• Hip abduction, ER
• Knee flexion
• Ankle dorsiflexion & inversion
• Toe flexion

Question 2

Extension Synergy

Answer 2

• Scapular protraction
• Shoulder horizontal adduction and IR
• Elbow extension
• Forearm pronation
• Wrist and finger flexion
• Hip extension, adduction, IR
• Knee extension
• Ankle plantar flexion & inversion
• Toe extension

Question 3

Brunnstrom Stage of Motor Recovery Stage 1

Answer 3

Flaccidity, no movement present

Question 4

Brunnstrom Stage of Motor Recovery Stage 2

Answer 4

Weak associated reactions appear or minimal voluntary movement responses are present in limb synergies. Spasticity begins to develop

Question 5

Brunnstrom Stage of Motor Recovery Stage 3

Answer 5

All movements are in synergy although synergies may not be through full ROM. Spasticity peaks

Question 6

Brunnstrom Stage of Motor Recovery Stage 4

Answer 6

Some movement combinations out of synergy are possible and mastered with difficulty. Spasticity is decreasing

Question 7

Brunnstrom Stage of Motor Recovery Stage 5

Answer 7

Synergies lose their dominance; more difficult movement combinations can be mastered. Spasticity further decreases

Question 8

Brunnstrom Stage of Motor Recovery Stage 6

Answer 8

No synergies; full isolated joint movements are possible but decreased coordination is present. Spasticity presents only during active rapid movements

Question 9

Brunnstrom Stage of Motor Recovery Stage 7

Answer 9

Normal movements performed; normal muscle tone

Question 10

Fugl Meyer Assessment Tool

Answer 10

• Solely for cortical stroke patients
• Based on Brunnstrom’s stages of motor recovery
• Includes tests of joint ROM, pain, sensation, tone, motor function, and balance

Question 11

Fugl Meyer Assessment Tool Scoring

Answer 11

• Score - 3 point scale (0 = cannot be performed, 1 = partially performed, 2 = performed)
• <50 - severe motor impairment
  50-84 = marked motor impairment
  85-95 = moderate motor impairment
  96-99 = slight motor impairment
• Higher score, less impairment

Question 12

Motor Function

Answer 12

• Divides into motor control and motor learning

- Motor control divides into coordination, isolated movements (MMT), and synergistic movements (AROM)