Motor Control

Question 1

Reflex Theory of Motor Control

Answer 1

• Reflexes are the building blocks of complex behavior
• Clinical implications: reflex testing to predict function; training focuses on enhancing or reducing reflexes during motor tasks

Question 2

Hierarchial Theory of Motor Control

Answer 2

• CNS is organized as a hierarchy so top down exists (higher level controls lower level)

Question 3

Motor Programming Theory of Motor Control

Answer 3

• Motor program is more flexible and can be activated by either sensory stimuli or central processes
• CPGs exist which are spinally mediated motor programs
• Clinical implication: Move beyond reaction-based reflexes to explain movement; abnormal movements can be explained by problems with CPGs or higher motor level programs; teach patients to relearn rules for action

Question 4

Systems Theory of Motor Control

Answer 4

• Cannot understand neural control of movement without understanding characteristics of system you are moving and external & internal forces acting upon it
• Clinical Implication: Movement is not just an output of the nervous system - nervous system activity is filtered through biomechanical system of body; need to look at neuro and musculoskel system; focus on interaction of impairments

Question 5

Dynamic Action Theory of Motor Control

Answer 5

• No need for higher center (CNS) issuing instructions or commands to get coordinated action
• Clinical Implications: Movement is an emergent property; shifts in movement behaviors explained in terms of physical principles rather than neural structures

Question 6

Ecological Theory of Motor Control

Answer 6

• CNS is a perception/action system that explores environment to achieve goals
• Clinical implications: Active explorer of environment; adaptability; gives patients the opportunity to explore ways to accomplish task and discover best way for that person based on limitations