CPI

Question 1

Alkali (Chlor-Alkali) Industries manufacture of

Answer 1

caustic soda
soda ash
baking soda

Question 2

Alkali (Chlor-Alkali) Industries involves the process of

Answer 2

lime soda process
solvay process

Question 3

used for manufacturing caustic soda

Answer 3

lime soda process

Question 4

Steps in the Lime-Soda Process

Answer 4

1. Dissolving Tank
2. Causticizing
3. Agitation and Reaction
4. Thickening
5. Evaporation
6. Filtering

Question 5

is a major industrial process that has been widely used for production of soda ash

Answer 5

Solvay Process

Question 6

Steps in the Solvay Process

Answer 6

1. Purification of brine
2. Ammoniation of brine
3. Carbonation of ammoniated brine
4. Sodium hydroxide carbonate formation
5. Ammonia recovery

Question 7

Industries that heavily rely on oxidation-reduction reactions

Answer 7

Electrochemical Industries

Question 8

converts chemical energy into electrical energy through spontaneous reactions

Answer 8

electrochemical cell

Question 10

drives non-spontaneous reactions using electrical energy

Answer 10

electrolytic cell

Question 11

is the process of passing an electric current through an ionic solution or molten salt to produce a chemical reaction.

Answer 11

Electrolysis

Question 12

Electrolytic cells are divided into two categories based on the nature of the electrodes used.

Answer 12

Passive electrolysis, Active electrolysis

Question 13

the electrodes are chemically inert materials that simply provide a path for electrons

Answer 13

Passive electrolysis

Question 14

the electrodes are part of the electrolytic reaction

Answer 14

Active electrolysis

Question 15

In __________, an external source of current drives a redox reaction that would otherwise not be spontaneous. The flow of ions through the solution completes the circuit.

Answer 15

electrolysis

Question 16

involves the electrolytic refining of aluminum from Al2O3 to produce aluminum metal and oxygen gas.

Answer 16

The Hall-Heroult process

Question 17

The process of depositing a thin coat of metal on another metal by using electrolysis is

Answer 17

electroplating

Question 18

is often used to apply coatings to small parts.

Answer 18

Barrel plating

Question 19

cells or series of cells that generate an electrical current

Answer 19

Batteries

Question 20

Single-use batteries that cannot be recharged are

Answer 20

primary cells

Question 21

Rechargeable batteries are

Answer 21

secondary cell

Question 22

one of the most important and basic raw materials in the chemical process industries is

Answer 22

sulfur

Question 23

is one of the most widely used and most important technical products

Answer 23

sulfuric acid

Question 24

devised the following ingenious method of melting sulfur underground and of pumping it up to the surface

Answer 24

Herman Frasch

Question 25

90% of all the elemental sulfur of the world is obtained from the sulfur-bearing porous limestones in the saltdome cap rocks of Texas and Louisiana by the

Answer 25

Frasch Process

Question 26

two main procedures in the manufacturing of sulfuric acid:

Answer 26

chamber process & contact process

Question 27

a major component of woody plants and is constantly replaceable.

Answer 27

Cellulose

Question 28

a lignocellulosic fibrous material prepared by chemically or mechanically separating cellulose fibers from wood, fiber crops, waste paper, or rags. It is the major raw material used in the industrial production of paper products.

Answer 28

Pulp

Question 29

a thin [matted or felted] sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibers derived from wood, rags, grasses or other vegetable sources

Answer 29

PAPER

Question 30

heavier & rigid paper with grammage higher than 250 gsm

Answer 30

paperboard

Question 31

an alkaline process by which most pulp is presently made

Answer 31

Kraft Pulping Process

Question 32

an essential factor in kraft process, where the black liquor is removed from the pulp in the pulp washer, or diffuser

Answer 32

recovery of black liquor

Question 33

This method involves several stages: pulping, forming, and drying. The wet blank is dried to reduce moisture content and allow structural integrity, followed by hot pressing to define shape and surface texture

Answer 33

dry press

Question 34

This method skips the drying step and compresses the product while it’s still wet. The pulp is shaped into a wet blank, compressed under high temperature and pressure, and trimmed to final specifications.

Answer 34

wet press

Question 35

A device for producing paper, paperboard, and other fibreboards that consists of a moving endless belt of wire or plastic screen that receives a mixture of pulp and water and allows excess water to drain off, forming a continuous sheet for further drying by suction, pressure, and heat.

Answer 35

Fourdrinier Machine

Question 36

smooth the paper or board and impart gloss or other desired finish to the surface.

Answer 36

Calenders

Question 37

The Six Basic Stages of Clay Production

Answer 37

1. Slip Clay Stage 2. Wet [Fresh] Clay Stage 3. Leather hard Stage 4. Dry Stage 5. Bisque Stage 6. Glaze Ware Stage

Question 38

refers to the clay that has been fired once (many kinds of ceramics are fired at least twice)

Answer 38

Bisque

Question 39

is clay with added water to make it a liquid or a paste

Answer 39

Slip clay

Question 40

conversion of sugar to alcohol and/or acid with the aid of microorganisms

Answer 40

fermentation industry

Question 41

Fermentation involves many chemical processes such as:

Answer 41

1. Oxidation - alcohol to acetic acid 2. Reduction - aldehyde to alcohol 3. Hydrolysis - starch to glucose/sucrose 4. Esterification - hexose & phosphoric acid to hexose phosphate

Question 42

– a large amount of sugar is necessary in order to secure a high percentage of alcohol in the wine

Answer 42

Intermittent Fermentation

Question 43

– used when the yeast is already trained f o r a heavy load o f sugar

Answer 43

Continuous Fermentation

Question 44

is made from ethylene, or by treating methanol with carbon monoxide.

Answer 44

Synthetic acetic acid

Question 45

The manufacturing procedures of glass may be divided into four major phases.

Answer 45

Melting Shaping or forming Annealing Finishing

Question 46

Glass furnaces may be classified as

Answer 46

either pot or tank furnaces

Question 47

For special glasses like optical glass. Raw materials are melted in pot furnace made of ceramic material capacities varying from 1-2 tons and is used for small production batches.

Answer 47

Pot furnace

Question 48

Molten glass is obtained by melting the raw materials in 1350-1400 ton capacity regenerative tank furnace and can be used in continuous processes. During melting of raw materials various reactions occur at various temperatures

Answer 48

Tank furnace

Question 49

A method for manufacturing flat glass

Answer 49

FOURCAULT PROCESS

Question 50

the production of sheet glass using began with an iron rod as “bait” immersed lengthwise in a shallow tank of molten glass.

Answer 50

COLBURN PROCESS

Question 51

used to make high-quality, flat glass for the construction and automotive industry.

Answer 51

FLOAT PROCESS

Question 52

used to make thin-walled hollow glass items, such as bottles and glass containers.

Answer 52

GLASS BLOWING

Question 53

In the ______________, the glass is first blown through a valve in the baffle, forcing it down into the three-piece ring mold which is held in the neck ring arm below the blanks, to form the finish.

Answer 53

blow-and-blow process

Question 54

There are currently two primary methods of making glass containers:

Answer 54

the blow and blow method for narrow-neck containers only, and the press and blow method used for jars and tapered narrow-neck containers

Question 55

In the ______________, the molten ‘gobs’ of glass are delivered into the parison mold and a plunger is used to press the glass into the parison shape.

Answer 55

press-and-blow process

Question 56

is a heated chamber in which the rate of cooling can be controlled

Answer 56

The lehr or annealing oven

Question 57

is done to eliminate thermal stresses develop that adversely affect strength properties

Answer 57

ANNEALING

Question 58

All types of annealed glass must undergo certain finishing operations, which are simple and important. These include:

Answer 58

* Cleaning. * Grinding. * Polishing. * Cutting. * Sandblasting. * Grading etc.

Question 59

production of ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen was developed by

Answer 59

Fritz Haber

Question 60

mining of ores, followed by refining process

Answer 60

metallurgical industry

Question 61

Industrial gases are usually stored a pressureized liquid through a process called

Answer 61

Liquefaction