1
Q
- the study/analysis of the influence of radiation, chemical compounds, and organisms on living matter and on parts of the Earth in which life occurs in active form
A
Environmental Science
2
Q
- the study of the sources, reactions, transport, effects and fates of chemical species in the air, soil and water environments, and the effect of human activity on these
A
Environmental Chemistry
3
Q
- the application of environmental science and green chemistry to conserve the natural environment and resources, and to curb the negative impacts of human involvement (sustainable development)
A
Environmental Technology
4
Q
the technology concerned with the reduction of pollution, contamination and deterioration of the environment in which humans live, and management of natural resources
A
Environmental Engineering
5
Q
Environmental Systems
A
Water Resource, Air Resource, Solid Waste, Multimedia Systems
6
Q
Water Supply
A
surface water, groundwater
7
Q
factors that influence water consumption:
A
- climate
- industrial activity
- meterage
- system management
- standard of living
8
Q
source of man-made air pollution
A
stationary, mobile
9
Q
factors increasing the solid waste generation:
A
- increasing population
- changing lifestyles
- disposable materials
- excessive packaging
10
Q
garbage vs. trash
A
garbage - wet waste
trash - dry waste
11
Q
small things left by people lying on the streets and public places
A
litter
12
Q
waste minimization practices
A
source reduction
recyclable products
good management and control practices
waste segregation
13
Q
is a goal that is both pragmatic and visionary, to guide people to emulate sustainable natural cycles, where all discarded materials are resources for others to use
A
zero waste
14
Q
zero waste heirarchy
A
reduce
reuse
recycle
recover
residual
15
Q
is concerned with the levels of organization beyond that of individual organism; i.e. populations, community, ecosystem, and biosphere.
A
ecology
16
Q
the scientific study of the processes influencing the distribution and abundance of organisms, the interactions between them and the transformation of energy and matter
A
ecology
17
Q
large, relatively distinct terrestrial region characterized by a similar climate, soil, plants, and animals regardless of where it occurs on earth
A
biomes
18
Q
the interrelation among and between all the earth’s living organisms and the atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere that they occupy
A
ecosphere
19
Q
an environmental factor that restricts the growth, distribution, or abundance of a particular population
A
limiting factor
20
Q
decreased response to a specific factor in the environment over time
A
tolerance
21
Q
the totality of organism’s adaptation and the lifestyle to which it is fitted in its community
A
niche
22
Q
category of ecology that deals with the response of single species to environmental conditions such as temperature or light
A
physiological ecology
23
Q
category of ecology that focuses on the abundance and distribution of individual species and the factors that cause such distribution
A
population ecology
24
Q
category of ecology having to do with the number of species found at given location and their interactions
A
community ecology
25
category of ecology that deals with the structure and function of the entire suite of microbes, plants, and animals, and their abiotic environment, and how the parts interact to generate the whole and focuses on the energy and nutrient flows of ecosystems
ecosystems ecology
26
biotic factors
biodiversity
27
abiotic factors
physical environment
28
living being in an environment
autotrophs, heterotrophs
29
create their own food from energy sources like sunlight or chemicals, forming the base of food chains
autotrophs
30
cannot make their own food and must obtain energy by consuming other organisms
heterotrophs
31
a graphical representation of the
TROPHIC levels by which the incoming solar energy is transferred in an ecosystem
the energy pyramid
32
is the absolute source of energy for living beings on earth
sun
33
organization levels of ecology
biosphere
ecosystem
community
population
organism
34
any living being; a single organism of one type of species
individual
35
one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank
species
36
a group of individuals of the same species that live in a specific geographic area
population
37
all living beings distributed in a specific geographical area; includes organisms of different species
community
38
the aggregate of all organisms living in a community and all the non-living, which interact with them
ecosystem
39
different kinds of ecosystems, associated with different physical conditions, and include different kinds of communities that have become adapted to those physical conditions and each other
biomes
40
portion of the earth which is colonized by living beings; sum of all existing ecosystems on earth
biosphere
41
close, long-term interaction between two different species
symbiotic relationship
42
need for survival relationship
obligate symbiosis
43
by choice relationship
facultative symbiosis
44
symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit
mutualism
45
symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and one is harmed
parasitism
46
symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and one does not benefit but is unharmed
commensalism
47
symbiotic relationship where one is inhibited or destroyed, the other unaffected
amensalism
48
relationship where organisms battle for survival or one organism benefits from the other
oppositional relationship
49
oppositional relationship where two or more organisms rely on the same environmental resource
competition
50
oppositional relationship where behavior of one animal feeding on another
predation
51
how ecosystems are organized in a state of stability where different species coexist with each other and with their environment
ecological balance
52
the variability among living organisms from all sources and the ecological complexes of which they are a part
biodiversity
53
the gradual process by which ecosystems change and develop over time
ecological succession
54
any change that causes disruption in the balance of ecosystem
ecological disturbance
55
threats to ecological balance
1. increasing human population
2. land conversion/urbanization
3. deforestation
4. pollution
5. overhunting/animal poaching
56
science that deals with the structure and properties of substances and with the changes that they go through
chemistry
57
pathways for the transport and transformation of matter within four categorical areas that make up planet earth
biogeochemical cycles
58
four categorical areas that make up the planet earth
biosphere
hydrosphere
lithosphere
atmosphere
59
the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the earth
water (hydrologic) cycle
60
a type of vaporization of a liquid that occurs from the surface of a liquid into a gaseous phase
evaporation
61
the process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere
transpiration
62
63
water falls back to the earth's surface through
precipitation
64
changing of water vapor to liquid vapor because of cool temperature, an effect of which are clouds
condensation
65
the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil
infiltration
66
is the flow of water that occurs when excess stormwater, meltwater, or other sources flows over the earth's surface
runoff
67
the exchange of carbon among the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere of the Earth; the movement of carbon as it is recycled and reused throughout the biosphere
carbon cycle
68
main characters of carbon cycle:
PLANTS
- Absorb CO2 and produce glucose via photosynthesis
ANIMALS
- move glucose up the food chain and release CO2
DECOMPOSERS
- obtain glucose by feeding on the dead and release CO2
69
major carbon sinks
1. organic molecules
2. carbon dioxide
3. organic matter
4. fossil fuels and sedimentary rock deposits
5. dissolved atmospheric CO2 and CaCO3 shells
70
the movement of oxygen in the atmosphere, biosphere and lithosphere
oxygen cycle
71
main characters of oxygen cycle
autotrophs, heterotrophs
72
process by which plants make food
Photosynthesis
73
movement of oxygen from the outside air to the cells within tissues, and the transport of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction
Respiration
74
the process by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms
nitrogen cycle
75
is the most common element in the earths atmosphere
nitrogen
76
the assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, most commonly through metabolic processes of soil microorganisms. Other agents include lightning, forest fires, and the industrial process used to manufacture synthetic fertilizers
nitrogen fixation
77
the process by which plants absorb nitrogen through organismal growth
nitrogen uptake
78
nitrogen conversion into an inorganic form through decay
Nitrogen Mineralization
79
the oxidation (as by bacteria) of ammonium salts to nitrites and the further oxidation of nitrites to nitrates
Nitrification
80
The loss or removal of nitrogen or nitrogen compounds; specifically: reduction of nitrates or nitrites commonly by bacteria (as in soil) that usually results in the escape of nitrogen into the air
Denitrification
81
5 main processes in the nitrogen cycle
1. nitrogen fixation
2. nitrogen uptake
3. nitrogen mineralization
4. nitrification
5. denitrification
82
the movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere
phosphorus cycle
83
is also a building block of certain parts of the human and animal body, such as the bones and teeth
phosphorus
84
an essential nutrient for plants and animals in the form of ions PO4^3- and HPO4^2-
phoshorus
85
is the slowest of the matter cycles
phosphorus cycle
86
primary constituent of acid rain.
sulfur
87
includes all of the living things (biotic factor: plants, animals, other organisms) in a given area, interacting with each other, and also with their non-living environments (abiotic factor: weather, earth, sun, soil, climate, atmosphere)
ecosystem
88
the study of ecosystems
ecology
89
the blending of ecosystems with each other because of borders that are never rigid
ecotone
90
the relationship between the biotic an abiotic components of the ecosystem
holocoenosis
91
the role an organism plays in the ecosystem
niche
92
organisms that are able to make their own food using abiotic elements in the ecosystem
producers
93
organisms that eat other organisms for energy
consumers
94
consumers that eat only plants
herbivores
95
consumers that eat only animals
carnivores
96
carnivores that feed on already dead animals
scavengers
97
consumers that both eat plants and animals
omnivores
98
organisms that obtain nutrients by feeding on large parts of decaying animals and plants, and on waste material
detrivores
99
feed on any remaining decayed matter and waste left behind by consumers and detrivores; breakdown decayed matter into simpler substances
decomposers
100
the most common type of fungi
saprobes
101
2 main processes in an ecosystem
1. energy transformation/flow
2. biogeochemical cycles
102
small scale ecosystem
micro
103
medium scale ecosystem
messo
104
very large ecosystem or collection of ecosystems with similar biotic and abiotic factors
biomes
105
a biological environment that is found in nature
natural ecosystems
106
modified by humans for their own benefit
Artificial ecosystems
107
ecosystems where organisms interact with land
Terrestrial
108
ecosystems where organisms interact with water
Aquatic
109
classification of aquatic ecosystems
freshwater
marine water
transitional communities
110
refers to stationary or relatively still water
lentic ecosystem
111
refers to flowing waters
lotic ecosystem
112
is a land area that is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally, such that it takes on the characteristics of a distinct ecosystem.
wetland
113
classification of terrestrial ecosystems
forest: tropical, temperate, boreal
desert: hot & dry, semi-arid, coastal, cold
grasslands: tropical, temperate
tundra: arctic, alpine
mountain
114
the community of plants, animals, and humans that inhabit the urban environment; an area physically dominated by built structures
urban ecosystem
115
factor affecting ecosystem which are processes that exist within the ecosystem
internal factors
116
factor affecting ecosystem that control the overall structure of an ecosystem and the way things work within it, but are not themselves influenced by the ecosystem
external factors
117
the statistics (usually, mean or variability) of weather, usually over a 30-year interval
combination of temperature, water, light and wind)
determines the biome in which the ecosystem is embedded
determines the amount of water available to the ecosystem and the supply of energy available by influencing photosynthesis
climate
118
different organisms have different cellular tolerances for cold and heat; contributes to erosion & creation of soil
temperature
119
an important component of soil erosion and creation of soil
a major component of organism habitats
water
120
competition for light is an important selective factor in many environments; photosynthesis is driven primarily by light
sunlight
121
is the rhythm of certain biological phenomena (e.g., hibernation, reproductive activity), determined by regularly recurring changes in light and dark caused by passage of the earth about the sun
photoperiodicity
122
contributes to erosion; affects growth form of plants
affects perceived temperature via: evaporation (e.g., cooling via sweat), convection (transmission of heat in a liquid or gas by bulk movement of heated particles to a cooler area--as by being blown away by wind)
wind
123
the arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area
topography
124
the climate of a very small or restricted area, especially when this differs from the climate of the surrounding area
microclimate
125
complex physical and biological system providing support, water, nutrient and oxygen for the plants
soil
126
threats to ecosystems
1. biotic and abiotic absence
2. stranger
3. natural disasters
4. human activities
127
the introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment
the addition of a substance or an agent to an environment through human activity, at a rate greater than that at which it can be rendered harmless
can be natural, deliberate or accidental
includes the release of substances that affect air, water and soil, as well as on the organisms in the environment, and which reduces human quality of life
pollution
128
pollution in many forms:
chemical
noise
energy sources
solids
naturally occurring substances
129
pollution released from a single source
point source
130
pollution released from diffuse sources
non-point sources
131
pollution that is generally more easily managed because its impact is more localized, making it easier to control emission, attribute responsibility and take legal action
point source pollution
132
a substance or energy introduced into the environment that has undesired effects, or adversely affects the usefulness of a resource
typically a foreign substance, particularly a contaminant or toxin, that produces some kind of a negative or harmful impact on the environment or living beings
may cause long- or short-term damage by changing the growth rate of plant or animal species, or by interfering with human amenities, comfort, health, or property values
may come from a wide range of human activities, including the combustion of fossil fuels
pollutant
133
different forms of pollutant
organic or inorganic substances, light, sound or thermal energy, biological agents or invasive species
134
Types of Pollutants
Organic vs Inorganic
Biodegradable vs Persistent
Acute vs Chronic
Primary vs Secondary
135
a type of chemical pollution caused by carbon pollutants, such as liquid manure, sewage treatment sludge, DDT etc.
organic pollution
136
release of the compounds of inorganic by-products arising due to radiant energy and noise, heat, or light.
inorganic pollution
137
decay or breakdown of pollution that occurs when microorganisms use an organic substance as a source of carbon and energy
Biodegradable pollutants
138
organic compounds that do not break down in the environment through chemical, biological, and light processes
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
139
pollution that occurs suddenly and should take into account worst case discharge scenario from the facility
Acute pollution
140
persistent release of pollutants at low concentration resulting in adverse effects on animal or human body with symptoms that develop slowly, due to long and continuous exposure to low concentrations of a hazardous substance
chronic pollution
141
pollutants emitted into the environment directly from the identifiable sources and remains unchanged within that environment
primary pollutants
142
– pollutants which undergo chemical changes in the environment as a result of reactions among two or more pollutants
Secondary pollutants
143
Pollution Management Targeted at Three (3) Different Levels
1. altering human activity
2. controlling release of pollutant
3. clean-up and restoration of damaged systems
144
factors that affect pollution management
cultural, political, economic factors
145
The total amount of greenhouse gases (including carbon dioxide and methane) that are generated by our actions
carbon footprint
146
Calculates the overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from all direct and indirect sources, measured in units of CO2e (carbon dioxide equivalents).
carbon footprint
147
global average for energy related carbon footprint per person
4.7 tonnes of CO2
148
Republic Act No. 6969
Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990
149
Republic Act No. 8749
Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
150
Republic Act No. 9003
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
151
Republic Act No. 9275
Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
152
Sustainable Development
“Meeting the needs of the present
generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”
Correlation 1
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