cranial nerves

Question 1

central nervous system

Answer 1

CNS contains brain (cerebellum, cerebrum, brainstem) and spinal cord.

Question 2

peripheral nervous system

Answer 2

PNS contains nerves: spinal (31 pairs) and cranial nerves (12) and ganglia.

Question 3

somatic sensory system

Answer 3

voluntary movement like moving arms.

Question 4

autonomic nervous system

Answer 4

2 neuron chain with preganglionic and postganlionic neurons; involuntary; includes sympathetic and parasympathetic.

Question 5

sympathetic system

Answer 5

part of autonomic nervous system; fight or flight; cell bodies (preganglionic) will be housed in thoracolumbar segments in IML (intermedial lateral).

Question 6

parasympathetic system

Answer 6

part of autonomic nervous system; resting and digesting; cell bodies located in craniosacral; cranial nerves come from cranium portion of craniosacral.

Question 7

where does visceral information come from?

Answer 7

organs and vessels.

Question 8

where does somatic sensory information come from?

Answer 8

body wall and limbs.

Question 9

where does somatic motor information go to?

Answer 9

skeletal muscle.

Question 10

where does visceral motor information go to?

Answer 10

smooth and cardiac muscle and glands.

Question 11

motor fibers of cranial nerves

Answer 11

carry impulses from CNS to skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or glands (efferent).

Question 12

sensory fibers of cranial nerves

Answer 12

convey sensation from the skin, mucous membranes, viscera, or from the special senses (taste, smell, vision, hearing, balance) (afferent).

Question 13

what are the special visceral senses?

Answer 13

taste, smell, hearing and balance

Question 14

what are the special somatic senses?

Answer 14

vision, hearing, balance.

Question 15

cranial nerves in order

Answer 15

• Olfactory (I) • Optic (II) • Oculomotor (III) • Trochlear (IV) • Trigeminal (V) • Abducens (VI) • Facial (VII) • Vestibulocochlear (VIII) • Glossopharyngeal (IX) • Vagus (X) • (Spinal) Accessory (XI) • Hypoglossal (XII).

Question 16

acronym for cranial nerves

Answer 16

Oh oh oh, to touch and feel very good velvet, AH

Question 17

how do you remember the order of the first three cranial nerves?

Answer 17

you smell something before you see something; • Olfactory (I) • Optic (II) • Oculomotor (III).

Question 18

acronym to remember if cranial nerve is sensory, motor, or both

Answer 18

• CN I: Some • CN II: Say • CN III: Money • CN IV: Matters • CN V: But • CN VI: My • CN VII: Brother • CN VIII: Says • CN IX: Big • CN X: Brains • CN XI: Matter • CN XII: More.

Question 19

is CN I sensory, motor, or both?

Answer 19

sensory- special sensory (fibers associated with senses) -> smell.

Question 20

where does CN I travel?

Answer 20

olfactory nerve fibers ascend through the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone.

Question 21

is CN II sensory, motor, or both?

Answer 21

optic n is sensory- special sensory (fibers associated with senses) -> vision.

Question 22

where does CN II travel?

Answer 22

• optic n - travels through optic canal - goes to occipital lobe because occipital lobe has the primary visual cortex.

Question 23

is CN III sensory, motor, or both?

Answer 23

Motor

Innervates eye muscles (AR3) and smooth muscle of sphincter pupillae muscle

Question 24

where does CN III travel?

Answer 24

oculomotor n travels through superior orbital fissure.

Question 25

what happens if CN III is damaged?

Answer 25

- oculomotor n damaged - innervation to most ipsilateral eye muscles is lost (down and out eyes, ptosis-droopy eye) - ipsilateral dilated pupil - pupil unresponsive to light.

Question 26

is CN IV sensory, motor, or both?

Answer 26

- trochlear n - motor- somatic efferent-> superior oblique.

Question 27

where does CN IV travel?

Answer 27

trochlear n travels through superior orbital fissure.

Question 28

is CN V sensory, motor, or both?

Answer 28

Trigeminal n: Both Motor = muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, digastric (anterior belly), tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani Sensory = face, mucous membranes, and meninges.

Question 29

what are the divisions of the trigeminal n?

Answer 29

V1= opthalmic V2= maxillary V3= mandibular.

Question 30

is CN V1 sensory, motor, or both?

Answer 30

opthalmic is all sensory.

Question 31

where does CN V1 travel?

Answer 31

travels through the superior orbital fissure.

Question 32

is CN V2 sensory, motor, or both?

Answer 32

maxillary is all sensory.

Question 33

where does CN V2 travel?

Answer 33

maxillary travels through foramen rotundum.

Question 34

is CN V(3) sensory, motor, or both?

Answer 34

mandibular is both.

Question 35

where does CN V3 travel?

Answer 35

mandibular travels through foramen ovale.

Question 36

trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 36

- damage to trigeminal (CN V) n - cause is not known but maybe due to viral component or compression - signs and symptoms: extreme pain evoked by chewing, touching, and/or shaving.

Question 37

is CN VI sensory, motor, or both?

Answer 37

abducens is motor- somatic efferent-> lateral rectus.

Question 38

where does CN VI travel?

Answer 38

abducens travels through the superior orbital fissure.

Question 39

is CN VII sensory, motor, or both?

Answer 39

Both Motor = muscles of mastication, stapedius, and digastric muscle (posterior belly) and visceral efferent (parasympathetic)-> lacrimal glands and salivary glands (except parotid) Sensory = special sensory (relating to the senses)-> taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue and skin near external acoustic meatus.

Question 40

where does CN VII travel?

Answer 40

facial n travels through internal acoustic meatus (in the picture) and stylomastoid foramen.

Question 41

5 terminal motor branches of CN VII

Answer 41

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular and cervical.

Question 42

bell's palsy

Answer 42

- also known as facial n palsy - unilateral facial paralysis because of damage - unknown cause; may be due to a virus or inflammation - more common in women during pregnancy - gets better over time - signs and symptoms: ptosis (drooping of eyelid), tear out or eyes, drooling out of mouth.

Question 43

is CN VIII sensory, motor, or both?

Answer 43

vestibulocochlear is sensory-> special sensory (hearing, balance).

Question 44

where does CN VIII travel?

Answer 44

vestibulocochlear travels through internal acoustic meatus.

Question 45

is CN IX sensory, motor, or both?

Answer 45

Glossopharyngeal n = Both Motor = stylopharyngeus muscle and parotid glands Sensory = taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue, skin around external ear and sensation from carotid body

Question 46

where does CN IX travel?

Answer 46

glossopharyngeal n travels through the jugular foramen.

Question 47

is CN X sensory, motor, or both?

Answer 47

Vagus: Both Motor = pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles, viscera in thorax and abdomen Sensory = special sensory (taste: epiglottis and palate area around ear, external acoustic meatus, and dura mater in posterior fossa) and viscera in thorax and abdomen

Question 48

where does CN X travel?

Answer 48

vagus n travels through jugular foramen.

Question 49

is CN XI sensory, motor, or both?

Answer 49

spinal accessory n is motor-> trapezius and sternocleidomastoid.

Question 50

where does CN XI travel?

Answer 50

spinal accessory n travels through jugular foramen.

Question 51

is CN XII sensory, motor, or both?

Answer 51

hypoglossal n is motor-> somatic efferent-> muscles of tongue.

Question 52

where does CN XII travel?

Answer 52

hypoglossal n travels through hypoglossal canal.

Question 53

what happens when CN XII is damaged?

Answer 53

if hypoglossal n is damaged, tongue deviates TO side of lesion.