Anatomy PTD 500 > Knee joint > Flashcards

Knee joint Flashcards

(53 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

What is the base of the patella

A
  • superior portion
  • flatter
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2
Q

What is the apex of the patella

A
  • inferior region
  • where it comes to a point
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3
Q

Why is the apex important

A
  • where the patella tendon starts as it courses to end on the tibial tuberosity
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4
Q

Posterior surface of patella is what

A

articular surface
- very thick cartilage

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5
Q

Where do PCL and ACL attach on the tibia

A
  • anterior and posterior intercondylar area of the intercondylar eminence
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6
Q

Where and what is the soleal line

A
  • posterior and proximal on the tibia
  • where the soleus muscles attaches
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7
Q

What are the 2 different parts of the intercondylar eminence

A
  • intercondylar tubercles
  • anterior and posterior intercondylar area
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8
Q

Why is the head of the fibula important (2 reasons)

A
  • where the fibular collateral lig. attaches distally
  • closely associated with common fibular nerve
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9
Q

when is the knee most stable

A
  • in upright/extended position b/c it locks
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10
Q

List the 3 articulations of the knee

A
  • lateral femorotibial
  • medial femorotibial
  • femoropatellar
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11
Q

Describe the fibrous layer of the knee joint capsule

A
  • Not very strong so strengthened via ligaments
  • not continuous all the way around
  • encloses the condyles and intercondylar fossa
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12
Q

What is NOT enclosed by the synovial membrane of the knee

A
  • ACL and PCL because it goes around them
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13
Q

What does the synovial membrane of the knee enclose

A

femoral and tibial condyles

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14
Q

What does the synovial membrane of the knee blend with superiorly

A
  • blends with suprapatellar bursa
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15
Q

List the 2 structures of the knee synovial membrane

A
  • infrapatellar synovial fold (medially located)
  • alar folds (on left and right)
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16
Q

What are the 2 types of knee ligaments

A
  • extracapsular (outside joint)
  • intracapsular (in joint)
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17
Q

List the extracapsular ligaments of the knee (5)

A
  • patellar ligament
  • fibular collateral lig.
  • tibial collateral lig.
  • oblique popliteal lig
  • arcuate popliteal lig
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18
Q

Describe the patellar ligament

A
  • from the apex of patella till tibial tuberosity
  • distal to the quadriceps tendon
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19
Q

Describe the fibular collateral ligament

A
  • separated from lateral meniscus by popliteal vein
  • biceps femoris tendon splits around it
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20
Q

What movement does fibular collateral lig limit

A
  • knee varus (knees out)
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21
Q

Describe tibial collateral ligament

A
  • connected to the medial meniscus
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22
Q

What movement does the tibial collateral ligament limit

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A
  • knee valgus (knees in)
23
Q

What two ligaments are important in strengthening the posterior knee

Study These Flashcards
A
  • oblique popliteal lig
  • arcuate popliteal lig
24
Q

Describe the oblique popliteal ligament

Study These Flashcards
A
  • expansion of semimembranosus tendon
  • from medial side of tibia to lateral side of femur
25
Describe arcuate popliteal ligament
- arched ligament - forms a bridge/opening for popliteal tendon
26
What is the patellar retinacula
- extensions of vastus lateralis and medialis - large support structures of the knee
27
List the intra-articular ligaments of the knee
- Anterior cruciate ligament - posterior cruciate ligament - medial meniscus - lateral meniscus
28
Describe the location of the anterior cruciate ligament
- more anterior and anterior attachment on tibia - oriented superolaterally
29
What movement does the ACL limit
- limits anterior displacement of tibia on femur
30
Describe the location of the posterior cruciate ligament
- attach more posterior on tibia
31
What movement does the PCL limit
- limits posterior displacement of tibia on femur
32
Which is stronger ACL or PCL
PCL is stronger - it's thicker too
33
Define the menisci
- crescent shaped - sit on the tibial plateau - beveled edges to help deepen tibial surface - made of fibrocartilage
34
What is the outer 3rd of the meniscus called
red-red zone
35
What is the red-red zone
- highly vascularized area - meaning it's most likely to heal
36
What is the middle 3rd of the meniscus called
-red-white zone
37
What is the red-white zone
semi-vascularized
38
What is the inner 3rd of the menisci called
white-white zone
39
What is the white-white zone
no vascularization - probably most difficult area for healing
40
What muscles help with medial knee rotation
- semitendinosus - semimembranosus
41
What muscles helps with lateral rotation of the knee
- biceps femoris - popliteus
42
Why is popliteus muscle important
- unlocking muscles, helps rotate the femur just slightly laterally to help initiate flexion
43
What are the main nerve supply of the knee coming from
Branches of: - femoral - tibial - common fibular nerves
44
What are the 2 types of knee bursae
- subcutaneous bursae - continuous with synovial cavity
45
What are the 2 subcutaneous bursae
- prepatellar bursae - infrapatellar bursae
46
What are the bursae continuous with synovial cavity (4)
- suprapatellar - popliteus - anserine - gastrocnemius
47
What is the Unhappy triad
Tearing of - ACL - Tibial collateral ligament - medial meniscus
48
Cause of unhappy triad
blow to the lateral knee
49
What is the primary indication of total knee arthroplasty
arthritis
50
What is a TKA
- implants placed on femur and tibia to replace knee joint
51
What is the superior tibiofibular joint
- articulation of head of fibula and tibia
52
What type of joint is the superior tibiofibular joint
- plane synovial joint (meaning slight movement with ankle dorsiflexion)
53
What are the ligaments of the tibiofibular joint
- anterior and posterior ligament of fibular head
Anatomy PTD 500
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