CVA

Question 1

Stroke

Answer 1

An interruption of perfusion to any part of the brain that results in infarction (cell death)

Question 2

CVA - Modifiable Risk Factors

Answer 2

• Smoking
• Substance use
  > cocaine
• Obesity
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Oral contraceptives
• Heavy ETOH use
• Phenylpropanolamine (PPA)
  > antihistamines

Question 3

CVA - Non-Modifiable Risk Factors

Answer 3

• American Indian
• Alaskan Native
• African American

Question 4

CVA - Medically Managed Risk Factors

Answer 4

• HTN
• Diabetes
• Atherosclerosis
• Aneurysm

Question 5

CVA - Hlth Promotion & Maintenance

Answer 5

• Stop smoking/drug use
• Take prescribed Aspirin everyday
  > only for ischemic stroke
• Exercise
• Reduce ETOH use
• Dcr salt intake
• Take prescribed BP meds

Question 6

CVA - Assessment

Answer 6

• Full hx
• Meds
• Cognition
• Sensory perception
• Stroke center
  > primary
  > comprehensive

Question 7

National Institute of Health Stroke Scale

Answer 7

• NIHSS
• Higher number = more chance of stroke
• Very high # = large vessel stroke
• Score 0-40

Question 8

CVA - FAST Assessment

Answer 8

• F: face drooping
• A: arm weakness
• S: speech difficulty
• T: time to call 911
  > used more for non-healthcare workers
• Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

Question 9

CVA - Stroke Mimics

Answer 9

• Low blood glucose
• Low BP
• Arteriospasm

Question 10

Stroke Syndromes

Answer 10

• Middle Cerebral Artery Strokes
• Posterior Cerebral Artery Stroke
• Internal Carotid Artery Stroke
• Anterior Cerebral Artery Stroke
• Vertebrobasilar Artery Stroke

Question 11

Stroke Syndrome - Manifs

Answer 11

• Sudden trrouble speaking or understanding
• Sudden weakness or numbness of arms or legs
• Memory impairment
• Aphasia
• Alexia
• Agraphia
• Acalculia

Question 12

CVA - Motor Manifs

Answer 12

• Hypotonia
• Hypertonia
  > stiff muscles
• Agnosia
  > inability to interpret sensations
• Apraxia
  > inability to perform purposeful actions

Question 13

CVA - Sensory Manifs

Answer 13

• Neglect
• Ptosis
  > low hanging eyelid
• Hemianopsia
  > loss of half of visual field
• Homonymous hemiaopsia
  > vision loss on the same side in both eyes
• Nystagmus
  > invol eye movement
• Paresthesia
  > tingling

Question 14

CVA - Cranial Nerve Manifs

Answer 14

• Gag reflex
• Swallowing
• Chewing
• Cough

Question 15

CVA - Cardiovascular Manifs

Answer 15

• Atrial fibrillation
• HTN