cytoskeleton

Question 1

functions of the cytoskeleton

Answer 1

• determines cell shape and polarity
• causes tension and locomotion
• organize and drive intracellular traffic
• basis for mitosis and meiosis

Question 2

three major fibers that make up the cytoskeleton

Answer 2

• microfilament (actin)
• intermediate filament
• microtubules

Question 3

-common characteristics to all fibers

Answer 3

• self-assemble
• hyperstable structures: cilia and flagella, f-actin in sarcomere, actin bundle in instestine, intermediate filament in desmosomes
• all thre are organized around specific structures
• highly regulated
• equilibrium can be disrupted with drugs

Question 4

basic characteristics of microtubules

Answer 4

largest of the three fibers

Question 5

organeller transport

Answer 5

• carried out by microtubules wihch act as the tracks

- bring synaptic vesicles to and from the synapse

Question 6

dynein and kinesin

Answer 6

dynein functions in retrograde transport, toward the cell body (endocytosis, away from synapse)
-kinesins function in orthograde transport toward the cell surface (exocytosis, towards synapse)

Question 7

MT and cell motility

Answer 7

MT makes up cilia and flagella

Question 8

MT and cell division

Answer 8

MT make up the basis of the cell’s centromeres that become spindle fibers during mitosis

Question 9

polarity of MTs

Answer 9

grow in a negative to positive direction

Question 10

axoneme

Answer 10

• makes up the core of cilia and flagella

- contains dynein arms

Question 11

centrioles

Answer 11

present as pairs in the centrosomes

-take part in mitosis by creating the mitotic spindle

Question 12

basal bodies

Answer 12

name given to centrioles that nucleate MTs in the axoneme

-function in anchoring cilia and flagella to the cell

Question 13

centrosome

Answer 13

pair of centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material that contains the unique tubulin isoform, gama-tubulin
-gama tubulin nucleates MT assembly