D3.2 Inheritance

Question 1

Mendel’s experiments

Answer 1

crossed pea plants by selecting pollen from one plant and brushing it onto the stigma of another plant

Question 2

true breeding

Answer 2

an organism that always passes on its phenotypic traits to the offspring

Question 3

allele

Answer 3

a variant version of a gene

Question 4

phenotypic plasticity

Answer 4

ability of an organism to exhibit variations in its physical characteristics in repsonse to environmental influence

Question 5

recessive disorder - PKU

Answer 5

phenylketonoria= causes conversion of (Phe) to (Tyr)

Question 6

codominance

Answer 6

two alleles that are equally expressed

Question 7

incomplete dominance

Answer 7

a third phenotype that is intermediate blend between dominant and recessive

Question 8

aneuploidy

Answer 8

extra or missing chromosomes

Question 9

Haemophilia

Answer 9

• blood clotting factors are produced insufficiently
• large internal bleeding

=> linked to Y chromosome (X^H Y)

Question 10

gene pool

Answer 10

combination of all genes that are present in a reproducing population

Question 11

polygenic inheritance

Answer 11

more than one gene controlling a characteristic

Question 12

discrete variation

Answer 12

blood type

Question 13

continuous variation

Answer 13

height, skin color

always normally distributed

Question 14

box and whisker plot construction

Answer 14

1. put data in ascending order
2. find mean, mode, median, range
3. find Q1,2,3,4 & IQR

Question 15

types of inheritance in pedigree charts

Answer 15

1. autosomal dominant
2. autosomal recessive
3. codominant
4. incomplete dominance

Question 16

linked genes

Answer 16

genes in close proximity on the same chromosome that are usually inherited together

as they cannot cross overr

Question 17

unlinked genes

Answer 17

genes on different chromosomes assorted independently

Question 18

chi squared test

Answer 18

used to see if the expected predicted number of offspring for each phenotype have statistical significance

Question 19

locus

Answer 19

location of a gene on a chromosome

Question 20

codominance

Answer 20

offspring shows both parental phenot<pes

cow