dec 1

Question 1

most common cause of unilateral nipple discharge?

Answer 1

Papillary tumour (intraductal papilloma)

Question 2

empiric treatment of chlamydia and gonorrhea?

Answer 2

Azithromycin + cerftriaxone

Question 3

why does kidney engorgement occur in pregnancy?

Answer 3

• there is increase in maternal blood filtering

- progesterone also causes ureteral dilation and decreased peristalsis and the uterus can partially block it

Question 4

treatment of physiologic hydronephrosis of pregnancy?

Answer 4

none - reassurance

Question 5

what ovarian tumour secretes estrogen?

Answer 5

Granulosa cell tumour

Question 6

Causes of increased maternal serum alpha fetal protein?

Answer 6

• open neural tube defects
• ventral wall defects
• multiple gestation

Question 7

Causes of decreased maternal serum alpha fetal protein?

Answer 7

-aneuploidies

Question 8

Treatment for acute cervicitis ?

Answer 8

azithromycin + ceftriaxone

Question 9

Treatment for post-partum endometritis?

Answer 9

gentamicin + ceftriaxone

Question 10

Management of intraamniotic infection?

Answer 10

Antiobiotics and immediate delivery

Question 11

what is lochia?

Answer 11

the fluid that is dischraged from the vagina after childbirth

Question 12

describe normal lochia?

Answer 12

Lochia rubra (day 0-4) = dark/red - bloody w small clots
Lochia Serosa (day 4-14) = serosanginous - pink or brownish  - slowly decreases
Lochia alba = white/yellow; creamy; light in quantitiy

Question 13

what are the genitourinary symptoms of menopause?

Answer 13

• vulvar dryness
• dyspareunia
• vaginal bleeding
• urinary incontinence and reccurrent UTIs
• pelvic pressure

Question 14

what causes the urinary incontinence that can occur with menopause?

Answer 14

-decreased collagen, elasticity and blood flow to the bladder trigone-> urogenital atrophy

Question 15

clinical features of sheehan syndrome?

Answer 15

• lactation failure
• amenorhhea, hot flashes, vaginal atrophy
• fatigue and bradycardia
• anorexia, weight loss
• decreasd lean body mass