Decision making Flashcards

Question

Fusidic acid - dose: And how to avoid resistance?

Answer 1

1. Staphylococcal skin infection To skin - For child: apply 3-4 times a day for 7 days - For adult: apply 3-4 times a day With topical use 2. To avoid development of resistance, should not be used for longer than 10 days

Answer 2

1. Inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis, not inactivated by staphylococcal B-lactamases 2. Narrow spectrum G+ - Staph. Aureus 3. Bioavailability 50% and small VD

Answer 3

1. Renal excretion (only severe needs adjusting) 2. Extended treatment (14+ days) ⬆️ cholestatic jaundice 3. These reactions are related to neither dose nor route of administration

Answer 4

Serious and occasionally fatal hypersensitivity reactions (anaphylaxis) have been reported in patients receiving B-lactam antibiotics Although anaphylaxis is more frequent following parenteral therapy, it has occurred with oral therapy

Answer 5

Cholestatic jaundice and hepatitis may occur very rarely, up to 2 months after treatment with flucloxacillin has been stopped Administration for more than 2 weeks and increasing age are risk factors

Answer 6

Label 9: space doses evenly throughout day. Keep taking this medicine until course is finished, unless you are told to stop Label 23: take this medicine when your stomach is empty. This means an hour before food or 2 hours after food

Answer 7

1. The conjunctiva is the thin covering that covers the white part of eyes and underside of eyelids 2. Itis - inflammation 3. Viruses, bacteria, allergens, contact lens use, chemicals, fungi and certain diseases - Including chlamydia and gonorrhoea 4. Acute (3 weeks) and chronic (longer than 3 weeks)

Answer 8

1. Adenoviruses are most common cause 2. - Rubella virus - Rubeola (measles) virus - Herpes viruses (simplex and Epstein Barr) (Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious)

Answer 9

- Most spread by hand-to-eye contact by hands or objects that are contaminated - Having contact with infectious tears, eye discharge, faecal matter or respiratory discharges can contaminate hands - Viral conjunctivitis can also spread by large respiratory droplets

Answer 10

- Most cases are mild - Infection clears in 7-14 days w/o treatment - However some take 2-3 weeks or more to clear up - Doctors can prescribe antiviral medication to treat more serious cases e.g. ones caused by herpes simplex virus or varicella-zoster virus

Answer 11

1. Acute bacterial conjunctivitis 2. - Staphyloccocus aureus - Haemophilus influenzae - Streptococcus pneumoniae 3. Topical antimicrobial therapy is indicated for bacterial conjunctivitis which is usually distinguished by a purulent exudate

Answer 12

1. More severe type that develops rapidly and can lead to corneal perforation 2. Often accompanied by eyelid swelling, pain and decreased vision 3. Involves a large amount of thick, purulent (pus) discharge that returns even after wiping eyes

Answer 13

1. Often caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae in sexually active adults 2. Can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly

Answer 14

1. In infants born to mothers with Chlamydia trachomatis 2. Opthalmia neomatorum 3. Symptoms develop 5-12 days after birth 4. Also have chlamydial infection elsewhere on body

Answer 15

1. Unilateral with hyperemia and purulent discharge and caused by Chlamydia trachomatis subtypes 2. Genital infection caused by chlamydia just prior to or at the same time

Answer 16

1. People with other signs of allergic disease such as hay fever, asthma and eczema 2. Caused by body’s reaction to certain substances it is allergic to such as pollen from trees, plants, grasses and weeds, dust mites, animal dander, moulds, contact lenses and lens solution and cosmetics

Answer 17

1. Red eyes that are glued together by discharge after sleep, watery (viral) and thick and yellowish (bacterial) 2. Usually starts in one eye and spreads to another, excludes glaucoma 3. Kn inflammation of cornea - the clear, dome-shaped tissue on front of eye that covers the pupil and iris 4. ALWAYS refer in photophobia or pain

Answer 18

Although uncomfortable, you can leave the infection and practice good hygiene and self care until symptoms resolve - Remove and don’t wear contact lenses while infection present, if wearing a set best to throw them away and start again - Use lubricating eye drops and clean discharge with clean warm water to help remove crusts gently - Wash hands after doing this, try not to touch rest of face + eyes - Antibiotics not necessary but if symptoms are severe or other conditions

Answer 19

1. Chloramphenicol (1st line) is a broad spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic active against a wide variety of G- and G+ organisms 2. Exerts antibacterial effect by binding to bacterial ribosomes and inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis at an early stage 3. Topical use of chloramphenicol should be supplemented by appropriate systemic treatment

Answer 20

1. Apply 1 drop every 2 hours then reduce frequency as infection is controlled and continue 48 hours after healing, frequency dependent on severity 2. 3-4 days daily is sufficient

Answer 21

Apply daily to be applied at night (if eye drops in day), alternatively apply 3-4 times a day, if ointment used alone

Answer 22

1. Wingless (2.5-3mm) brown/grey in colour 2. Feed on human blood, it’s saliva has anticoagulant properties 3. Some are somewhat translucent and sometimes you can see red colour of aspirated blood 4. Not due to poor hygiene Head-to-head contact is how people get infected

Answer 23

- Wash hair with shampoo, apply lots of conditioner, comb whole head of hair from roots to ends - Usually takes 10 minutes to comb short hair and 20-30 minutes for long, frizzy or curly hair - Wet comb on days 1, 5, 9 and 13 to catch new head lice - Then try Hedrin (Dimethicone)

Decision making Flashcards

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