1
Q
progressive enlargement of peripheral body from excessive secretion of growth hormone
A
acromegaly
2
Q
chronic adrenocortical insufficiency due to inadequate adrenal cortex function
A
Addison’s Disease
3
Q
acute adrenocortical insufficiency , characterized by hypotension, cyanosis, fever, nausea/vomiting, and signs of shock
A
Addison’s Crisis
4
Q
surgical removal of adrenal glands
A
adrenalectomy
5
Q
hormone secreted by the ANTERIOR PITUIRARY, essential for growth and development
A
adrenocorticotropic hormone
6
Q
male sex hormones
A
adrogens
7
Q
chemical reactions occurring when the body is at rest
A
basal metabolic rate
8
Q
hormone secreted by the thyroid gland, participates in calcium regulation
A
calcitonin
9
Q
spasm of the facial muscles produced sharply tapping over the facial nerve, suggestive of latent tetany with hypocalcemia
A
Chvostek sign
10
Q
hormones produced by the adrenal cortex or their synthetic equivalents
A
corticosteroids
11
Q
group of symptoms produced by an oversecretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone, characterized by truncal obesity, moon face, acne, abdominal striae, and hypertension
A
Cushing’s syndrome
12
Q
condition in which abnormally large volumes of dilute urine, result of deficient production of vasopressin
A
Diabetes insipidus
13
Q
state of a normal thyroid hormone
A
euthyroid
14
Q
abnormal protrusion of one or both eyeball
A
exophthalmos
15
Q
steriod hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to adrenocorticotropic hormone, produce a rise of liver glycogen and blood glucose
A
glucocorticoids
16
Q
enlargement of the thyroid gland
A
goiter
17
Q
form of hyperthyroidism, characterized by a diffuse goiter and exophthalmos
A
Grave’s disease
18
Q
chemical transmitter substance produced in one organ or part of the body and carried by the blood stream to other cells or organs on which they have a specific regulatory effect
A
hormones
19
Q
steroid hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex
A
mineralocorticoids
20
Q
severe hypothyroidism, can be with or without coma
A
MYXEDEMA
21
Q
regulating mechanism in which an increase or decrease in the level of a substance decreases or increases the function of the organ producing the substance
A
negative feedback
22
Q
adrenal medulla tumor
A
pheochromocytoma
23
Q
excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone form the pituitary gland despite low serum osmolality level
A
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (siadh)
24
Q
surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid gland
A
thyroidectomy
25
inflammation of the thyroid gland, may lead to chronic hypothyroidism or may resolve spontaneously
thyroiditis
26
release from the pituitary gland causes stimulation of the thyroid resulting in release of t3 and t4
thyroid-stimulating hormone
27
life threatening condition of the thyroid dure to untreated hyperthyroidism
thyroid storm
28
condition produced by excessive endogenous or exogenous thyroid hormone
thyrotoxicosis
29
thyroid hormone, active iodine compound formed and stored in thyroid, deiodinated in perpheral tissue to form triiodothyronine, maintaines body metabolism in a steady state
thyroxine (t4)
30
thyroid hormone, formed and stored in the thyroid, released in smaller quantities, biologically more active and with faster onset of action
triiodothyronine (t3)
31
carpopedal spasm induced when blood flow to the arm is occluded using a blood pressure cuff or tourniquet, suggestive sign for latent tetany in hypocalcemia
trousseau sign
32
antidiurteic hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland
vasopressin
33
aka master gland purpose is to secrete hormones into the blood stream
pituitary gland
34
what is the endocrine composed of
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
parathyroid gland
adrenal gland
pancreatic islets
ovaries
testes
35
hormones are classified by 4 categories according to their structures
amines and amino acids
peptides, polypeptides, proteins, and glyco proteins
steroids
fatty acid derivatives
36
some hormones never enter the blood stream because they are produced and act on that local area this is called?
paracrine action
37
hormones may act on the actual cells from which they were released this is called
autocrine action
38
determine the levels of circulating hormone, the prescence of autoantibodied
blood tests
39
may provide information to determine the prescence of hypo or hyperfunction of the endocrine system and the site of dysfunction
serum levels of a specific hormone
40
are frequently used to detect antigen levels which give additional information about hormone levels and levels of other substance
radioimmunoassay
41
are used to confirm hypofunction of an endocrine organ
stimulation tests
42
are used to detect hyperfunction of an endocrine organ
suppression tests
43
pituitary gland shape and size
round structure about 1.27cm (1/2 inch) in diameter
44
hormones released by the anterior pituitary example
Follicle stimulating hormone
luteinizing hormone
prolactin
thyroid stimulating hormone
growth hormone
45
the most abundant hormone in the anterior pituitary gland
growth hormone
46
what hormones does posterior pituitary produce
vasopressin and oxytocin
47
undersecretion commonly involves all of the anterior pituitary hormones and is termed
panhypopituitarism
48
in this condition the thyroid gland, adrenal cortex, gonads shrink because of loss of the tropic stimulating hormones
panhypopituitarism
49
most common disorder related to posterior lobe dysfunction is
diabetes insipidus
50
what procedure is called of removal of the pituitary
hypophysectomy
51
this pituitary tumor that develop early in life result in gigantism
eosinophilic tumor
52
this pituitary tumore give rise to cushings syndrome with features largely attribute to hyperadrenalism
basophilic tumors
53
represent 90% of pituitary tumors , usually produce no hormones but destroy the rest of the pituitary gland causing hypopituitarism
chromophobic tumors
54
are used to diagnose the prescence and extent of pituitary tumors
CT and MRI
55
is the usual treatment of the pituitary tumor
hypophysectomy
56
treatment of choice in patients with cushings disease
hypophysectomy
57
what is the measurement of the daily output of the DI
output of 250ml/hr
with specific gravity of 1.001 - 1.005
58
what is the test done for DI
fluid deprivation test withholding fluids for 8-12 hrs
59
a synthetic vasopressin, the drug of choice for central DI?
desmopressin
60
are used to treat the nephrogenic DI
thiazide diuretics
mild salt depletion
prostaglandin inhibitors
61
sodium is the term for diffeciency from SIADH
dilutional hyponatremia
62
the largest endocrine gland is a butterfly shaped organ located in the lower neck anterior to the trachea
thyroid
63
shape, size, and weight of the thyroid gland
butterfly shaped, 5cm long and 3cm wide, about 30g
64
3 hormones produced by the thyroid
thyroxine (t4)
triiodothyronine (t3)
calcitonin
65
is essential to the thyroid gland for synthesis of its hormones
iodine
66
the secretion of t3 and t4 by the thyroid gland in ctrolled by?
tsh
67
this hormone is secreted in response to high plasma levels of calcium
calcitonin
68
occuers when there is inadequate secretion of thyroid hormone during fetal or neonatal development
congenital hypothyroidism
69
the most widely used tests for thyroid is
serum immunoassay for TSH AND FREE T4
70
IS THE PRIMARY SCREENING TEST OF THYROID FUNCTION
SERUM THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE
71
IS A DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF FREE THYRROXINE
SERUM FREE T4
72
NORMAL RANGE OF T4
5.4 - 11.5 ug/dL
73
normal range of free t4
0.7 - 2.0 ng/dL
74
normal range of t3 is
260 - 480 pg/dL
75
is an indirect measurement of unsaturated thyroxine binding globulin, provides an index of the amount of thyroid hormone already present in the circulation
t3 resin uptake test
76
normal t3 uptake value
25 - 35 %
77
MEASURES THE RATE OF IODINE UPTAKE FROM THE THYROID GLAND, IS A SIMPLE TEST WITH RELIABLE RESULT
RADIOACTIVE IODINE UPTAKE TEST
78
THE USE OF A SMALL GAUGE NEEDLE TO SAMPLE THE THYROID TISSUE, IS OFTEN THE INITIAL TEST FOR EVALUATION OF THYROID MASSES
FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY
79
IT IS USED TO DETECT PERSISTENCE OF RECURRENCE OF THYROID CARCINOMA
SERUM THYROGLOBULIN
80
MEDICATIONS THAT MAY ALTER THYROID TEST RESULTS
ASPIRIN
LITHIUM
HEPARIN
ESTROGEN
DIAZEPAM
81
THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF HYPOTHYROIDISM IN ADULTS IS
AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS (HASHIMOTO DISEASE)
82
IF THE CAUSE OF THE THYROID DYSFUNCTION IS A FAILURE OF THE PITUITARY GLAND, HYPOTHALAMUS, OR BOTH, THE HYPOTHYROIDISM IS KNOWN AS
CENTRAL HYPOTHYROIDISM
83
CAUSES OF HYPOTHYROIDISM
MEDICATION
IODINE DEFECIENCY
THYROIDECTOMY
84
IF THE HYPOTHYROIDISM IS CAUSED BY ENTIRELY A PITUITARY DISORDER IT MAY BE REFFERED TO AS
PITUITARY OR SECONDARY HYPOTHYROIDISM
85
IF THE CAUSE OF HYPOTHYROIDSM IS A DISORDER OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS RESULTING IN INADEQUATE SECRETION OF TSH DUE TO DECREASED STIMULATION OF TRH IT IS REFFERED TO AS
HYPOTHALAMIC OR TERTIARY HYPOTHYROIDISM
86
IF THE HYPOTHYROIDISM/ THYROID DIFFECIENCY IS PRESENT AT BIRTH IT IS REFFERED TO AS
NEONATAL HYPOTHYROIDISM
87
a common endocrine disorder is a form of thyrotoxicosis
hyperthyroidism
88
clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism
fine hair
goiter
weight loss
heat intolerance
exophthalmos
89
is an autoimmune disorder that results from an excessive output of thyroid hormones caused by abnormal stimulation of the thyroid gland by circulating immunoglobulins
Graves disease
90
is the most common form of treatment for graves disease
radioactive iodine
91
1 pharmacotherapy for hyperthyroidism is the use of ______ for destructive effects on the thyroid gland
irradiation by administration of the radioisotope
92
pharmacotherapy of hyperthyroidism that interfere with the synthesis of thyroid hormones
antithyroid medications
93
is considered the treatment of choice of hyperthyroidism because a single dose is effective in treating 80 - 90% of cases
radioactive iodine
94
is the principal test measured 3 - 6 weeks following administration of radioactive iodine
serum free t4
95
most commonly used antithyroid drugs in the US are
methimazole and propylthiouracil
96
is recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy rather then methimazole due to the teratogenic effects
propylthiouracil
97
may be used in combination with antithyroid agents or beta adrenergic blockers to prepare the patient with hyperthyroidism for surgery
saturated solution of potassium iodine
98
the surgical removal of about five sixths of the thyroid tissue _____ reliably results in a prolonged remission of most patient
Subtotal thyroidectomy
99
is the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis in older patients
toxic nodular goiter
100
is generally recommended for treatment of thyrotoxicosis caused by toxic nodular goiter
radioactive iodine
101
is the drug of choice to reduce elevated body temperature of hyperthyroidism
acetaminophen
102
nursing interventions for patients with hyperthyroidism
IMproving nutritional status
Enhancing coping measures
improving self - esteem
103
diet encouraged for hyperthyroidism
high calorie
high protein
104
Clinical manifestations of Hypothyroidism
Weight gain
Constipation
Pallor
Large tongue
muscle weakness
105
is a rare life threatening condition and a decompensated state of severe hypothyroidism in which the patient is hypothermic and unconscious
myxedema coma
106
signs of myxedema coma`
depression
lethargy
somnolence
107
is the drug of choice for the treatment of hypothyroidism
synthetic levothyroxine
75 - 150 mcg per day
108
correct medication administration of synthetic levothyroxine
take first thing in the morning with a full glass of water on a n empty stomach
109
nursing diagnosis for abnormal respiratory status and maintenance of breathing patter
impaired breathing associated with depressed ventilation
110
nursing diagnosis for abnormal cardiac status and inadequate cardiac output
risk for impaired cardiac function associated with altered metabolism
111
nursing diagnosis for abnormal body temp regulation
risk for impaired thermoregulation
112
nursing diagnosis for abnormal tought process
acute confusion associated with altered cardiovascular and respiratory status and depression
113
nursing diagnosis for decreased participation in activities and dependence
activity intolerance associated with insufficient physiologic or psychological energy
114
nursing diagnosis for abnormal bowel function
constipation associated with diminished gastrointestinal peristalsis
115
nursing diagnosis for no knowledge and unaccepted prescribed therapeautic regime
lack of knowledge about the therapeutic regime for lifelong thyroid replacement therapy
3RD YEAR 2ND SEM
flashcards
Decks in class (13)
# Cards
-
PSYCHIA ADV. CLASS LINGAD129
-
DEFENSOR LIVER PRELIM65
-
DEFENSOR 2ND QUIZ (HEPA, CHOLE, CIRR106
-
DEFENSOR 3RD QUIZ THYROID115
-
ERWIN SECOND QUIZ56
-
Defensor 4th QUIZ adrenal and DM102
-
DEFENSOR CHAPTER 38 DIGESTIVE AND GASTRO171
-
ERWIN SCHIZOPHRENIA96
-
DEFENSOR CHAP 39114
-
LINGAD CHAP 14 & 17183
-
Lingad chap4567121
-
DEFENSOR CHAP 40101
-
Midterm Reading Assignment0
