NPTE > Definitions > Flashcards

Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Osteopenia

A

BMD at hip or spine between 1.0 and 2.5 SD below the young, normal population

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2
Q

Diverticulitis

A
  • Inflammation of one or more diverticula.
  • Pain/Cramping LLQ
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • Slight Fever
  • Elevated WBC
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3
Q

Stupor

A
  • Patient can be aroused from sleep only with painful stimuli
  • Verbal responses are slow or absent
  • Patient returns to unresponsive state when stimuli are removed
  • Demonstrates minimal awareness of self/environment
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4
Q

Unresponsive Vigilance/Vergetative State

A
  • A state characterized by the return of sleep/wake cycles
  • Normalization of vegetative functions
    • Respiration, heart rate, blood pressure, digestion
  • Lack of cognitive responsiveness
    • Can be aroused but is unaware
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5
Q

Decerebrate Rigidity

A
  • Lesions between the superior colliculus and the vestibular nucleus
  • Increase tone in rigid extension in all four limbs
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6
Q

Presbycusis Hearing Loss

A

Sensorineural hearing loss associated with middle and older ages. High frequency first.

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7
Q

Acute Lymphangitis

A
  • Acute bacterial infection spreading throughout the lymph system
  • Bacteria is typically streptococcal
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8
Q

Decorticate Rigidity

A
  • Lesions above superior colliculus
  • Increase tone in rigid flexion of upper extremity and extension in all lower extremity
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9
Q

Work Intensity: Heavy

A
  • 50 lbs: frequently
  • 20 lbs: constantly
  • 6.4-7.5 METs
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10
Q

Sensitivity

A

A True Positive

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11
Q

Dysphonia

A

Hoarseness/Vocal Cord Paralysis

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12
Q

Flexor (Withdrawal) Reflexes

A

Stimulus: Cutaneous Sensory Stimuli

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13
Q

Conductive Hearing Loss

A

Mechanical hearing loss from damage to external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, or middle ear ossicles

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14
Q

Specificity

A

A True Negative

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15
Q

Coma

A
  • State of unconsciousness from which patient cannot be aroused
  • Eyes remain closed
  • No response to external stimuli or environment
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16
Q

Work Intensity: Sedentary

A
  • Up to 10 lbs of force: occasionally
  • Negligible weight: frequently/constantly
  • 1.5-2.1 METs
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17
Q

Glaucoma

A
  • Increased intraocular pressure, with degeneration of optic disc, atrophy of optic nerve
  • Results in early loss of peripheral vision.
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18
Q

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

A

Central or neural hearing loss from multiple factors: noise damage, trauma, disease, drugs

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19
Q

Gamma Fibers

A

Motor to Muscle Spindles

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20
Q

Secondary Lymphatic Disease

A
  • Acquired condition due to trauma, surgery, radiation, or other diseases
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21
Q

Barognosis

A

Ability to identify simlar size/shaped objects placed in the hand with different gradations of weight

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22
Q

Zone of Coagulation

A

Cells are irreversibly injured, cell death occurs

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23
Q

Persistent Vegetative State

A
  • A state lasting >1 year for TBI
  • >3 months for anoxic brain injury.
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24
Q

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

A

Blood supply interrupted to the femoral head

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25
Boutonniere Deformity
* Results from a rupture of central tendinous slip of extensor hood. * Observe for extension of MCP/DIP and flexion of PIP.
26
Diaphoresis
* Excess Sweating and Cool/Clammy Skin * Possible sign of decreased cardiac output/low O2
27
Zone of Stasis
Cells are injured; may die without specialized treatment, usually within 24-48 hours
28
Fluent Aphasia
* Wernicke's Aphasia Spontaneous speech is preserved and flows smoothly * Auditory Comprehension is Impaired
29
Delta Fibers
An A fiber type that is associated w/ pain, touch, and temperature
30
Primary Lymphatic Disease
* Congenital condition * Malformation of lymph nodes/vessels
31
Rash
* Local Redness * Eruption of Skin * Indication of inflammation, vasomotor disturbances, skin diseases, or when taking medications
32
Diverticulosis
* Pouch-like herniations of the colon, especially the sigmoid colon * Symptoms are minimal but can include rectal bleeding * Diverticulosis can lead to diverticulitis
33
Work Intensity: Very Heavy
* \>100 lbs: occasionally * \>50 lbs: frequently * \>20 lbs: constantly * \>7.5 METs
34
Movement Adaptation Syndrome (MAS)
Habituation of compensatory movement patterns that contributes to persistence of pain
35
Zone of Hyperemia
Minimal cell injury, cells should recover
36
Graphesthesia
Ability to identify numbers, letters, or symbols traced on skin
37
Spondylolisthesis
* Fracture of the par interarticularis with positive "Scotty Dog" * Anterior or posterior slippage of one vertebra on another.
38
Correlational Research
* Determine whether a relationship exists between two or more quantifiable variables w/o manipulation * Examples: * Retrospective/prospective, descriptive and predictive correlation research
39
Alpha Fibers
Somatic Motor and Proprioception Function
40
Xeroderma
* Excessively Dry Skin * Indication of thyroid deficiency or diabetes
41
Pes Planus
Flat foot
42
Inverse Stretch (Myotatic) Reflexes
Stimulus: Muscle Contraction
43
Lymphadenopathy
* Lymphatic diease characterized by enlargement of nodes * May or may not be tender
44
Sterognosis
Ability to identify familiar objects placed in the hand by touch
45
Work Intensity: Light
* Up to 20 lbs: occasionally * 10 lbs: frequently * Negligble weight: constantly * 2.2-3.5 METs
46
Swan Neck Deformity
* Results from contracture of intrinsic muscles with dorsal subluxation of lateral extensor tendons. * Observe for flexion of MCP/DIP and extension of PIP.
47
Panner's Disease
Avascular necrosis of capitellum
48
Dysphagia
Difficulty Swallowing
49
Causal-Comparative Research
* Define cause and effect through group comparisions * Ex post facto research is when independent variable has already occured and cannot be manipulated. * Groups are compared based on dependent variable
50
Crossed Extension Reflexes
Stimulus: Noxious Stimuli
51
Work Intensity: Medium
* Up to 50 lbs: occasionally * 20 lbs: frequently * 10 lbs: constantly * 3.6-6.3 METs
52
Lethargy
* Patient appears drowsy * Can open eyes and look at examiner * Respond to questions * Falls asleep easily
53
Dysarthria
Difficulty Articulating Words Clearly
54
Stemmer's Sign
* Dorsal skin folds of the toes or fingers are resistant to lifting * Indicative of fibrotic changes/lymphedema
55
Cataracts
* Opacity, clouding of lens due to changes in lens proteins, results in gradual loss of vision * Central first, then peripheral.
56
Stretch (Myotatic) Reflexes
Stimulus: Muscle Stretch
57
"Unhappy" Triad
* ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus injury * Resulting from a valgum, flexion, and ER force.
58
Dupuytren's Contracture
* Observe for as banding on palm and digit flexion contractures * Resulting from contracture of palmar fascia. * Affects men\>woman * Affects MCP and PIP of 4th and 5th digits in nondiabetic individuals * Affects MCP and PIP 3rd and 4th digits of diabetic individuals
59
Descriptive Research
* Collecting data about conditions, attitudes or characteristics. * Reports existing phenomena/data collection is typically done through survey, interview or observation. * Example: case study
60
Urticaria
Hives
61
Postural Stress Syndrome (PSS)
Abnormal shortening of lengthening of muscles/ligaments
62
Obtundation
* Patient can open eyes/look at examiner * Responds slowly and is confused * Demonstrates decreased alertness/interest in environment
63
Nonfluent Aphasia
Broca's Motor Aphasia Verbal Apraxia Dysarthria
64
Beta Fibers
Pressure and Touch
65
Osteoporosis
BMD at hip or spine \>/= 2.5 SD below the young, normal population
66
Lymphangiectasia
* Dilation of lymph vessels * May appear as blister-like protuberances
67
Lymphorrhea
Leakage of lymph from the skin surface
68
Papillomatosis
Development of warty groths on the skin that contain dilated lymph vessels/fibrous tissue
69
Lipodermatosclerosis
* Thickening/hardening of the subcutaneous tissue and brown skin discoloration * Associated with chronic venous insufficiency and severe lymph tissue damage
70
Procedural Pain
Pain associated w/ treatment of lymphedema
71
Incident Pain
Pain caused by daily activities
72
Background Pain
Intermittent or continuous pain at rest
73
Crackles (Rales, Crepitations)
* Crackling sound heard usually during inspiration * Indicates pathology * Atelectasis * Fibrosis * Pulmonary Edema
74
Wheezes
* Musically pitched sound, usually heard during expiration * Caused by areway obstruction: * Asthma * COPD * Foreign Body Aspiration
75
Pneumothorax
* Air in the pleural space * Confirmation by CXR
76
Atectlectasis
* Collasped or airless alveolar unit * Caused by: * Hypoventilation secondary to pain * Internal bronchial obstruction * External broncial compression * Low tidal volume * Neurological insult
77
Thoracotomy
* Used for most lung resections * Incision follows path of fourth intercostal space * Full ROM should be encouraged posoperatively
78
Hemarthrosis
* Bleeding into joint spaces * Most common in: * Knee * Ankles * Elbows * Hips
79
Achalasia
Lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax and food is traped in the esophagus
80
Cirrhosis
* Irreversible chronic injury of the hepatic parenchyma as a result of chronic hepatitis * Clinical Manifestations * Jaundice * Peripheral Edema * Dupuytren's Contracture * Palmar Erthema * Angiomas * Hepatomegaly * Splenomegaly * Ascites * Accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity
81
Presbyopia
* Visual loss in middle/older ages * Inability to focus properly/blurred images due to loss of accommodation, elasticity of lens
82
Meniere's Disease
* Episodic attacks characterized by tinnitus, dizziness, and sensation of fullness or pressure in ears * May also experience sensorineural hearing loss
83
Delirium
* Fluctuating attention state causing temporary confusion and loss of mental function; an acute disorder, potentially reversible * Etiology * Drug toxicity and/or systemic illness, O2 deprivation, environmental changes and sensory deprivation
84
Dementia
* Acquired disorder of cognitive and behavioral impairment causing dysfunction in daily living
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