Development

Question 1

What are normal milestones for a newborn baby?

Answer 1

GROSS MOTOR

• ventral suspension = head droops, flexed hips, limbs hang
• moro reflex present
• palmar + plantar grasp reflex
• marked head lag

FINE MOTOR/VISION

• hands fisted
• closed eyes to sudden bright light

HEARING/SPEECH

• stills to sound
• startles to sudden loud sounds

PERSONAL/SOCIAL

• alrenates between drowsiness and alert wakefulness - findings during exam depend on these

WARNING SIGNS

• hyper or hypotonia
• assymetrical reflexes
• excessive head lag
• poor sucking

Question 2

Normal milestones in a 6 week old baby?

Answer 2

GROSS MOTOR

• some head control
• prone - head to side, buttocks moderately high
• moro reflex present
• ventral suspension - head in line with body, hips semi-flexed

FINE MOTOR/VISION

• stares
• follows horizontally to 90 degrees
• places hand in mouth

HEARING/SPEECH

• startle response
• coos responsively to mothers talk
• turns to look at sound

PERSONAL/SOCIAL

• smiles

WARNING SIGNS

• no visual fixation or following
• asymmetry of tone or movement
• floppy
• excessive head lag
• failure to smile
• no response to sound

Question 3

Normal milestones for a 3 month old baby?

Answer 3

GROSS MOTOR

• pulls to sit - little/no head lag
• prone - support on forearms, lifts head, buttocks flat
• beginning to develop reflex standing when held
• moro begins to disappear
• may start rolling

FINE MOTOR/VISION

• follows through 180 degrees
• holds rattle when placed in hand
• watches own hand
• pulls at clothes

HEARING/SPEECH

• coos and chuckles
• quieting with familiar sounds

PERSONAL/SOCIAL

• excited when fed
• reacts to familiar situations

WARNING SIGNS

• absent vocalisation
• excessive startle to visual stimuli

Question 4

Normal milestones for 6 month old baby?

Answer 4

GROSS MOTOR

• pulls to sit - braces shoulders, sits with support
• prone - lifts head and chest wall up
• support on extended arms and hands
• reaches out with one hand supporting the other
• supine - lifts lef and plays with feet, foot to mouth

FINE MOTOR/VISION

• reaches for objects with the centre of palm and grasps with all fingers
• transfers toy from one hand to the other

HEARING/SPEECH

• babbling at 4 months
• repetitive vowels - sing song
• turns to mothers voice across room
• lols

PERSONAL/SOCIAL

• takes everything to mouth
• responds to mirror images
• starts holding bottles

WARNING SIGNS

• floppy
• failure to use both hands
• doesn’t turn to sound
• poor response to people
• doesn’t vocalise

Question 5

Normal milestones for 9 month old baby?

Answer 5

GROSS MOTOR

• sits without support, moves body without losing balance
• rolls
• attempts to crawl
• rocks on all fours
• pulls to stand

FINE MOTOR/VISION

• immediately reaches out
• holds a cube in each hand
• picks up small toys with ends of fingers
• pointing
• removes peg man but can’t return it

HEARING/SPEECH

• vocalises deliberately
• babbles, initiates sounds
• understands bye bye or no

PERSONAL/SOCIAL

• stranger anxiety
• hold bottle or cup

WARNING SIGNS

• unable to sit
• hand preference present
• fisting, squinting
• persistent refleces
• monotonous vocalisation

Question 6

Normal milestones in a 10 month old baby?

Answer 6

GROSS MOTOR

• pulls to stand
• lifts 1 foot
• walks with both hands held
• may cruise around furniture
• sitting - beginning protective backwards extension of arms

FINE MOTOR/VISION

• picks up small object between thumb and index finger
• voluntary release begins

HEARING/SPEECH

• shakes head for no
• waves bye bye

PERSONAL/SOCIAL

• plays peek a boo

WARNING SIGNS

• floppy/monotonous vocalisation/hand preference/persistent reflexes

Question 7

Normal milestones for 1 year old?

Answer 7

GROSS MOTOR

• bear walks
• walks around furniture
• lifts one foot and stepping sideways
• may walk alone with feet wide and arms high

FINE MOTOR/VISION

• pincer grasp
• releases object on request
• over releases

HEARING/SPEECH

• knows own name
• jargons 2-3 words with meaning
• comprehends simple instructions

PERSONAL/SOCIAL

• finger feeds
• pushes arm into sleeve
• drinks from a cup
• plays games

WARNING SIGNS

• unable to sit and bear weight
• abnormal grasp
• failure to respond to sound
• no speech

Question 8

Normal milestones for 15 month old baby?

Answer 8

GROSS MOTOR

• walks alone with uneven steps
• steps with arms out for balance
• collapses backwards
• creeps upstairs, goes downstairs backwards

FINE MOTOR/VISION

• 2 cube tower

HEARING/SPEECH

• jabbers with expression
• 2-6 words spoken
• points at objects on request

PERSONAL/SOCIAL

• holds and drinks from a cup
• attempts feeding with a spoon and spills most

WARNING SIGNS

• unable to sit/bear weight, abnormal grasp, failure to respond to sound, no speech

Question 9

Normal milestone for 18 month old baby?

Answer 9

GROSS MOTOR

• walks well with arms down and can stop and start
• can not turn unless still
• pulls at toys
• throws a ball
• climbs onto chair

FINE MOTOR/VISION

• 3 cube tower
• scribbles
• may start showing hand preference

HEARING/SPEECH

• uses 6-20 recognisable words
• begins to put 2 words together

PERSONAL/SOCIAL

• handles spoon and cup
• indicates wet nappies
• enjoys picture books

WARNING SIGNS

• failure to walk
• no pincer grip
• inability to understand simple commands
• no spontaneous vocalisation
• mouthing, drooling

Question 10

Normal milestones for a 2 year old baby?

Answer 10

GROSS MOTOR

• runs
• up and down steps with 2 feet per step
• can kick a ball
• squats and rises without hands
• can plan movement (under/over)

FINE MOTOR/VISION

• 6 cube tower
• train with cubes
• imitates verticle line
• hand preference usually obvious

HEARING/SPEECH

• short phrases
• uses 50+ words
• puts 2 or 3 words together

PERSONAL/SOCIAL

• spoon feeds without spilling
• clean and dry by day
• pretend play

WARNING SIGNS

• unable to understand simple commands
• tremor
• incoordinate
• severe clumsiness

Question 11

Normal milestones in a 3yo?

Answer 11

GROSS MOTOR

• rides a tricycle
• up steps one foot per step
• climbs
• walks on tiptoe
• throws + kicks ball

FINE MOTOR/VISION

• 9 cube tower
• builds a bridge with cubes
• copies circle
• cuts with scissors
• 2 piece jigsaw
• threads large beads

HEARING/SPEECH

• knows name and sex
• uses pronouns
• talks incessantly
• large vocabulary
• intelligible to strangers

PERSONAL/SOCIAL

• toilet trained
• dresses with supervision
• eats with fork

WARNING SIGNS

• ataxia
• using single words only

Question 12

Normal miletones for 4yo?

Answer 12

GROSS MOTOR

• up and down stairs with one foot per step
• stands on one foot for 3-5 seconds
• hops on foot

FINE MOTOR/VISION

• copies cross
• 3 piece puzzle

HEARING/SPEECH

• full name, home address, age
• recognises colours
• speech should be grammatically correct + intelligible

PERSONAL/SOCIAL

• eats with spoon + fork
• washes and dries hands
• dresses and undresses
• makes believe play
• eternally asking questions

WARNING SIGNS

• speech difficult to understand because of poor articulation or omission of consonants

Question 13

Normal milestones for 5yo?

Answer 13

GROSS MOTOR

• walks easily in narrow line
• can hop on each foot separately

FINE MOTOR/VISION

• copies square + triangle
• draws a man with all features
• can print a few letters
• good control with writing + drawing

HEARING/SPEECH

• fluent speech
• full name, age, birthday, address, use of conjunctions “although”

PERSONAL/SOCIAL

• use knife + fork
• undresses + dresses alone
• chooses own friends

WARNING SIGNS

• emotional immaturity
• clumsiness, poor fine motor skills

Question 14

Normal milestones in 6yo?

Answer 14

GROSS MOTOR

• sits up without help of hands
• walks backwards along straight line

FINE MOTOR/VISION

• copies diamond but odd shape

HEARING/SPEECH

• learns irregular forms of nouns/verbs
• learns comparatives

PERSONAL/SOCIAL

• cooperative play - leadership and division of labour

WARNING SIGNS

• clumsy
• poor posture
• poor pencil grip