Developmental Coordination disorder

Question 1

Definition of developmental coordination disorder (DCD)

Answer 1

chronic condition involving impairment in gross motor, postural, and or fine motor performance that affects a child’s ability to perform the skilled movements necessary for daily living including performance of academic and self care tasks

Question 2

what are the key features for DCD

Answer 2

clumsiness and poor motor coordination

Question 3

what is the diagnostic criteria for DCD (must meet ALL)

Answer 3

1. motor coordination is markedly below expected levels for the child’s chronological age and opportunity for skill learning and use
2. motor skill deficits significantly interfere with academic achievement or ADLs
   3 onset of SS is in the early developmental period
3. motor skill deficits are not explained by intellectual disability or visual impairment and not attributed to a neuro condition

Question 4

what is the maybe etiology of DCD

Answer 4

something occurred during the final wiring during the neural migration and organization of the CNS during last trimester of pregnancy

Question 5

what is the usual age range for DCD

Answer 5

5-11
male more than femal

Question 6

what are the co-occuring conditions for DCD

Answer 6

ADHD
specific language impairment (SLI)
autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Question 7

what is the pathophysiology of DCD

Answer 7

-sensory processing deficits (visual, somatosensory, vestibular)
-poor sensory integration
-impaired motor control (force generation, timing, and rhythm)
-CNS information processing problems (issues with motor planning, attention, memory, perception)
-mirror neuron dysfunction (imitating and learning new movements)

Question 8

what brain regions are involved with DCD

Answer 8

cerebellum (coordination, timing balance)
basal ganglia (motor control, initiation)
parietal lobe (sensory integration and spatial awareness)
frontal lobe (motor planning and attention)
corpus callosum (communication between hemispheres)

Question 9

what are the different impairments that DCD face

Answer 9

neuro soft signs
low muscle tone
joint laxity
muscle weakness
motor incoordination
jerky movement
poor postural control
poor body awareness
poor spatial organization
poor visual perception
poor memory
decreased cardiorespiratory fitness

Question 10

what are the different postural control impairments in DCD

Answer 10

deficits with anticipatory postural adjustments, automatization, reactive, fixing joints to reduce degree of freedom

Question 11

what are the different activity limitations for DCD

Answer 11

awkward slow gait, difficulty with sports, delayed gross and fine motor skills, learning new motor tasks, distractibility

Question 12

what are the risks for DCD

Answer 12

fatigue
repeated failure
excluded from play
low self esteem
risk of obesity

Question 13

what are the different adult difficulties for DCD

Answer 13

mental health
time management
organization
handwriting
driving

Question 14

what are the different action statements for exam an referral by the CPG for CDC

Answer 14

1. complete history and systems review
2. make appropriate referrals
3. complete participation outcome measure
4. examine motor performance through movement analysis
5. examine activity limitation using questionare
6. examine motor performance using standardized measure
7. examine impairments of body functions and structure

Question 15

Key points of canadian occupational performance measure

Answer 15

-looks at self care, productivity, and leisure
-used for 8 years and older
-perceived performance
-2 point change is clinically meaningful

Question 16

Developmental coordination disorder questionnaire (DCDQ) is used for what age

Answer 16

5-15

Question 17

what are the characteristics for DCDQ

Answer 17

15 items (control during movement, fine motor skills, general coordination)
1-5 grading scales

Question 18

movement assessment battery for children 2 (M ABC-2) is what

Answer 18

norm-referenced test for children aged 3-16
8 items for 3 domains (manual dexterity, aiming and catching, balance)
test score determines the motor difificulty

Question 19

bruininks oseretsky test of motor proficiency (BOT)-II is used for what age

Answer 19

4-21

Question 20

what are examples of manual dexterity for MABC-2

Answer 20

placing pegs, threading lace, drawing trail

Question 21

what are examples of aiming and catching for MABC-2

Answer 21

catching with two hands, throwing beanbag onto mat

Question 22

what are examples of balance tests for MABC-2

Answer 22

one board balance, walking heel to toe, hopping on mats

Question 23

what is the red zone of MABC-2

Answer 23

56
at or below that 5th percentile
significant movement difficulty

Question 24

what is the amber zone for the MABC-2 testing

Answer 24

57-67
between 5th and 15th percentile
ask risk for movement difficulty

Question 25

what is the green zone for MABC-2

Answer 25

>67 >15th percentile no movement difficulty

Question 26

what are the different interventions for DCD

Answer 26

task oriented interventions and body function and structure interventions

Question 27

what is cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (Co-OP)

Answer 27

4 step self instructional problm solving strategy using goal, plan, do, check guides the child in discovering verbally based strategies to solve problems

Question 28

what are principles of interventions based on CPG

Answer 28

goals need to be objective, measurable and meaningful use small group or individual session determine the right dosage

Question 29

what is the proper dosage for DCD

Answer 29

high number of reps part to whole increase demands reduce practice error facilitate self discovery watch themselves on video mental imagery