Developmental Milestones Flashcards by Sumaya L

What is global developmental delay?

Delay of at least 2 milestones in a child under the age of 5

Causes include Down’s syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, metabolic disorders, and prematurity.

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What are causes of global development delay?

Down’s syndrome,Fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, metabolic disorders and prematurity

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What are the red flags to be aware of in child development?

Developmental arrest
Developmental regression

Developmental arrest indicates failure to gain further skills, while regression indicates loss of previous milestones.

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Gross motor delay can be due to which conditions?

Cerebral palsy
Ataxia
Myopathy and muscular dystrophy
Spina bifida
Visual impairment

These conditions can affect a child’s ability to develop gross motor skills.

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Fine motor delay may be due to which conditions?

Visual impairment (e.g., cataracts, retinoblastoma, amblyopia)
Dyspraxia
Cerebral palsy

These conditions can hinder the development of fine motor skills.

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What are the four stages of development?

Sensory-motor
Pre-operational
Concrete operational
Formal operational

These stages outline the progression of cognitive development in children.

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At 2 months, what are the gross motor skills a baby should demonstrate?

Baby can hold head up but is unsteady

They lie on their abdomen at this stage.

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At 4 months, what gross motor skills should a baby exhibit?

Rolls front to back
Can hold head steady
Sitting with support And lumbar curve
palmar grasp briefly

At this age, they also have good head control.

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At 6 months, what gross motor skills should a baby demonstrate?

Rolling all around
Sitting independently
Transferring objects between hands
raking grasp

They also have a raking grasp at this stage.

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At 9 months, what gross motor skills should a baby demonstrate?

Crawling
Pulling to stand up
Begin cruising

They will also have an early pincer grasp.

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At 1 year old, what gross motor skills should a child demonstrate?

Stand independently
Take first steps
Throw a ball
Loss of babinski reflex
2 finger pincer grasp

They also exhibit a 2-finger pincer grasp.

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At 15 months, what gross motor skills should a child demonstrate?

Walks independently
Squats to pick up toys

This indicates increased mobility and coordination.

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At 18 months, what gross motor skills should a child demonstrate?

squats to pick up toy

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At 18 months, what gross motor skills should a child demonstrate?

squats to pick up toy

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At 2 years old, what gross motor skills should a child demonstrate?

running, walk on stairs with rail and kick ball

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Which age do children lose babinski reflex?

1 years old

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At 3 years old, what gross motor skills should a child demonstrate?

Jumping
Pedalling tricycle
Walk up stairs without rail

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At 4 years old, what gross motor skills should a child demonstrate?

balance on one foot
Hopping

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At 5 years old, what gross motor skills should a child demonstrate?

Skip
Catch a ball

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What is a normal variant as children learn to walk?

the majority of children crawl on all fours before walking but some children ‘bottom-shuffle’. This is a normal variant andrunsin families

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At 2 months, what fine motor skills should a child demonstrate?

opens hand and follows objects to midline with eyes

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At 4 months, what fine motor skills should a child demonstrate?

reaches for toys, brings hand to mouth and two reflexes dissapear

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Which reflexes disappear at 4-6 months?

rooting and Moro reflex

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What is the rooting reflex?

where stroking child’s cheek causes them to turn heads and open mouth.

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What is the Moro reflex?

startle reflex where sudden sensation of falling causes extension and abduction of upper extremities with drawing in arms

At **6 months**, what fine motor skills should a child demonstrate?

They lose the palmar reflex, where they grasp objects in palm.

At **9 months**, what fine motor skills should a child demonstrate?

They will have early pincer grasp and can hold bottle or cup and point with finger.

At **12-15 months**, what feeding milestone should a child demonstrate?

Drinks from cup + uses spoon, develops over 3 month period ## Footnote This indicates the beginning of self-feeding skills.

At **2 years**, what feeding milestone should a child demonstrate?

Competent with spoon, doesn't spill with cup ## Footnote This indicates the beginning of self-feeding skills.

At **3 years**, what feeding milestone should a child demonstrate?

Uses spoon and fork ## Footnote This indicates the beginning of self-feeding skills.

At **5 years**, what feeding milestone should a child demonstrate?

Uses knife and fork ## Footnote This indicates the beginning of self-feeding skills.

At **9 months**, what fine motor skills should a child demonstrate?

They will have early pincer grasp and can hold bottle or cup and point with finger,

At **12 months**, what fine motor skills should a child demonstrate?

precise pincer grip and bangs toys together

At **15 months**, what fine motor skills should a child demonstrate?

use spoons, makes 2 block tower

At **18 months**, what fine motor skills should a child demonstrate?

* Scribbling * Making a 3 block tower ## Footnote This shows development in hand-eye coordination.

At *2 years**, what fine motor skills should a child demonstrate?

copy a line, tower of 6

At *3 years**, what fine motor skills should a child demonstrate?

copies circle and use a fork

At *4 years**, what fine motor skills should a child demonstrate?

copies shapes and uses scissors

At *5 years**, what fine motor skills should a child demonstrate?

draws people and copies letter

At *2 months**, what language skills should a child demonstrate?

coo

At *4 months**, what language skills should a child demonstrate?

babbles and turns to voice

At *6 mths**, what language skills should a child demonstrate?

responds to name and makes vowel sounds

At **9 mths**, what lanuage skills should a child demonstrate?

can sound words mama and dada

At ** 12 mths **, what language skills should a child demonstrate?

1-2 words spoken, can say no

At ** 15 mths**, what fine motor skills should a child demonstrate?

4-6 words and follow one step commands without gesturing

At **18 mths**, what language skills should a child demonstrate?

10-23 words, points to 1-3 body parts

At **2 years old**, what language skills should a child demonstrate?

* 2-3 word phrases * 50+ vocabulary ## Footnote This indicates significant language development.

At **3 years old**, what language skills should a child demonstrate?

3-4 word sentences

At **4 years old**, what language skills should a child demonstrate?

speaks in sentences fluently

At **5 years old**, what language skills should a child demonstrate?

uses future tense and word play

At **3 years old**, what social skills should a child demonstrate?

* Imaginative play * Shares with others * Separates easily ## Footnote These skills reflect social development.

At **2 mths old**, what social skills should a child demonstrate?

smile

At **4 mths old**, what social skills should a child demonstrate?

laughs

At **6 mths old**, what social skills should a child demonstrate?

Responds to name and recognises people, social

At **9 mths old**, what social skills should a child demonstrate?

becomes shy and takes everything to mouth

At **12 mths old**, what social skills should a child demonstrate?

waves bye-bye, plays pat-a-cake respond to one-step command with gestures and use toys functionally, point at wanted items

At **15 mths old**, what social skills should a child demonstrate?

imitates activities and show affection

At **18 mths old**, what social skills should a child demonstrate?

Plays simple pretend

At **2 years old**, what social skills should a child demonstrate?

parallel play and tantrums

At **3 years old**, what social skills should a child demonstrate?

imaignative play, shares with others and separates easily

At **4 years old**, what social skills should a child demonstrate?

co-operates with peers and plays with others

At **5 years old**, what social skills should a child demonstrate?

dress independently and recites alphabet, understands rules and shows empathy

At **5 years old**, what language skills should a child demonstrate?

Uses future tense and word play

At **4 years old**, what gross motor skills should a child demonstrate?

* Balance on one foot * Hopping ## Footnote This indicates improved coordination and balance.

At **5 years old**, what fine motor skills should a child demonstrate?

* Draw people * Copy letters ## Footnote This shows advanced fine motor skills for their age.

What are the **brick skills** milestones?

* Tower of 2 at 15 months * Tower of 3 at 18 months * Tower of 6 at 2 years * Tower of 9 at 3 years ## Footnote These milestones indicate fine motor development.

What are the drawing skills at 18 months?

circular smile

What are the drawing skills at 2 years old?

copies vertical line

What are the drawing skills at 3 years old?

copies circle

What are the drawing skills at 4 years old?

copies cross

What are the drawing skills at 5 years old?

copies square and triangle

At **6 months**, what feeding milestone should a child demonstrate?

May put hand on bottle when being fed ## Footnote This indicates the beginning of self-feeding skills.

At **12-15 months**, what dressing milestone should a child demonstrate?

Can help getting dressed ## Footnote This shows the development of independence in dressing.

At **18 months**, what dressing milestone should a child demonstrate?

can take OFF clothes only

At **2 years**, what dressing milestone should a child demonstrate?

can put ON hat and shoes

At **4 years**, what play milestone should a child demonstrate?

Plays NEAR others ## Footnote This indicates the start of social play.

What are the play milestones before 1 years old?

Peak-a-boo at 9 months Waves bye-bye and plays pat-a-cake at 12 months

What are the play milestones after 1 years old?

At 18 months, plays alone At 2 years plays NEAR others At 4 years, plays with other children

What are the speech and hearing milestones at 3 months?

Quietens to parents voice, Turns towards sound and Squeals

What are the speech and hearing milestones at 6 months?

Double syllables 'adah', 'erleh'

What are the speech and hearing milestones at 9 months?

knows and responds to own name

What are the speech and hearing milestones at 12 months?

Quietens to parents voice, Turns towards sound and Squeals

What are the speech and hearing milestones at 2 years?

combines two words and points to body, At 2.5 years old: vocabulary of 200 words

What are the speech and hearing milestones at 3 years old?

Talks in short sentences (e.g. 3-5 words), Asks 'what' and 'who' questions, Identifies colours and Counts to 10 (little appreciation of numbers though

What are the speech and hearing milestones at 4 years old?

Asks 'why', 'when' and 'how' questions

What are the ages for book skills?

15 months 18 months 2 years old

What are the book skills at 15 months?

looks at book and pats page

What are the book skills at 18 months?

looks at book and apts page

What are the book skills at 2 years?

turns pages one at a time

What are the book skills at 18 months?

turns pages several at a time

What are the book skills at 2 years old?

turns pages pages one at a time

What are the **red flags** for developmental delays?

* Does not fix and follow by 3 months * Squint present at 8 weeks * No social smile at 6 months * Head lag at 4 months * No babbling at 6-9 months * Not sitting unsupported by 12 months * No pincer grasp at 12 months * Not walking by 18 months * Lack of pretend play by 3 years * Unintelligible speech at 4 years old ## Footnote These signs may indicate serious developmental concerns.

What are some **causes of social, emotional and behavioural delay**?

* Autism spectrum disorder * Neglect * Genetic disorders (e.g., Down's syndrome) * Hearing impairment ## Footnote These factors can significantly impact a child's development.

What are some **causes of speech delay**?

* Global delay (most common) * Hearing impairment * Chronic otitis media with effusion (glue ear) * Environment: lack of stimulus * Psychiatric issues, e.g., autism * Bilingual household ## Footnote These factors can hinder speech development.

What is a rhyme to remember gross motor skills?

At 2 months, i smile, At 4 I babble a while At 6 i sit and switch At 9 months, i stand with joy At 12 i stroll and say a word At 15 i walk how absurd At 18 i run for fun At 2 I climb and tantrums come At 3 i talk and trike At 4 I hop and count to four

When do children develop stranger anxiety?

6-9 months to about 2 years old

When do children achieve ability to point with finger?

12 months

When should a child have palmar grasp?

6 months

When should child build tower of 3-4?

18 months

What age do children ask “what” and “who” questions?

3 years old

What age do children ask “why” and “howw” questions?

What age do children ask “why” and “how” questions?

4 years old

What age do children combine two words?

2 years old

What age should a child sit without support?

7-8 months

what age should a child run?

16 months to 2 years

What age should a child ride a pedal tricycle?

3 years

What is the expected word milestones for an 18 month old?

An 18 month old would be expected to understand simple commands, use 8-20 words with meaning and be able to point to body parts when asked

What is the expected word milestones for an 12 month old?

A 12 month old will be able to use 1 or 2 words with meaning

What is the expected word milestones for an 2 year old?

2-3 words, have a vocabulary of 50 words and be able to follow a two-stage command

What is the expected word milestones for an 3 year old?

A 3 year old would be expected to use 3 or 4 word sentences frequently and have a vocabulary of at least 200 words. They should also be able to name one colour and answer when asked their name, age and gender

When is faltering growth an issue?

The child should be reviewed in 3 months and if the growth curve dips, further investigations can be organised, like Bone age

When is inability to sit unsupported a concern?

By 9 months

what hearing, speech and language milestones a 6-month-old should be reaching?

Turn to loud sounds

Developmental Milestones Flashcards

(114 cards)