Visual Field Defect

Question 1

What does left homonymous hemianopia indicate?

Answer 1

Visual field defect to the left; lesion of right optic tract

This condition results in loss of vision in the left visual field.

Question 2

What are the two types of homonymous quadrantanopias?

Answer 2

• Parietal-Inferior
• Temporal-Superior

Mnemonic: PITS.

Question 3

What is the difference between congruous and incongruous defects?

Answer 3

• Congruous defects: complete or symmetrical visual field loss
• Incongruous defects: incomplete or asymmetric visual field loss

Congruous defects are associated with lesions of the optic radiation or occipital cortex.

Question 4

What type of lesion causes incongruous defects?

Answer 4

Lesion of optic tract

Incongruous defects indicate asymmetric visual field loss.

Question 5

What type of lesion causes congruous defects?

Answer 5

Lesion of optic radiation or occipital cortex

Congruous defects indicate symmetrical visual field loss.

Question 6

What does macula sparing indicate?

Answer 6

Lesion of occipital cortex

This condition refers to preservation of central vision despite visual field loss.

Question 7

What is the cause of bitemporal hemianopia?

Answer 7

Lesion of optic chiasm

This condition results in loss of vision in the outer (temporal) fields of both eyes.

Question 8

What does an upper quadrant defect indicate in terms of chiasmal compression?

Answer 8

Inferior chiasmal compression, commonly a pituitary tumour

This results in a specific pattern of visual field loss.

Question 9

What does a lower quadrant defect indicate in terms of chiasmal compression?

Answer 9

Superior chiasmal compression, commonly a craniopharyngioma

This results in a different pattern of visual field loss.

Question 10

What causes pale and oedematous optic disc?

Answer 10

Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy

Question 11

What is anopia?

Answer 11

Complete loss of vision in one eye due to optic nerve damage

Question 12

What is bitemporal hemianopia?

Answer 12

Loss of temporal vision in both eyes due to damage to optic chiasm

Question 13

What is bitemporal hemianopia associated with?

Answer 13

Tumour or lesion compressing on optic chiasm. Eg
Pituitary adenoma
Posterior communicating artery aneurysm

Question 14

What is Homonymous heminopia?

Answer 14

Loss of nasal vision in one eye and temporal vision in opposite eye

Caused by damage to the optic tract

Question 15

What is Homonymous hemianopia assoicated with?

Answer 15

PCA infarction
Mulitple SCCerosis
Alzheimer’sr’s

Question 16

Why does macula sparing occurs?

Answer 16

Central visit is maintainained due to duel innervation from PCA and MCA.

MCA Ila contains fovea, which has a high level of cone receptorors for visual acuity.

Question 17

How do parietal lobe lesions affect vision?

Answer 17

Causes contralateral inferior Homonymous quadrantopia because it compresses on the optic radiation

Question 18

What causes progressive loss of vision and painful eye movements?

Answer 18

Optic neuritis linked to multiple sclerosis
-> treat with steroids

Question 19

How does a temporal lobe lesion present?

Answer 19

Superior Homonymous quadrantopia

Question 20

How does a parietal lobe lesion present?

Answer 20

Inferior Homonymous hemianopia

Question 21

How to remember Homonymous quadrantopia positions?

Answer 21

PITS (Parietal-Inferior, Temporal-Superior

Question 22

Where does a pituitary tumour present?

Answer 22

Bitemporal hemianopia , commonly upper quadrant defect

Question 23

How does craniopharyngioma?

Answer 23

Lower quadrant bitemporal hemianopia

Question 24

What does craniopharyngioma present as visually?

Answer 24

Lower bitempooral hemianopia

Question 25

What infarction csuses oculomotor palsy?

Answer 25

Ipsilateral midbrain branches of posterior cerebral artery

Question 26

What causes Superior homonymous quadrantanopias?

Answer 26

lesions of the inferior optic radiations in the temporal lobe