Developmental Milestones

Question 1

What are the gross motor milestones?

Answer 1

• *2 months** - Lifts head/chest when prone
• *5 months** - Rolls front to back/back to front
• *6 months** - Sits unassisted
• *10 months** - Crawls
• *1 year** - Cruising/walks alone
• *1 1/2 years** - Runs/kicks a ball
• *2 years** - Walks up/down stairs with help; jumps
• *3 years** - Rides tricycle, walks up stairs
• *4 years** - Hops
• *5 years** - Skips

Question 2

What are the fine motor milestones?

Answer 2

• *2 months** - Tracks past midline
• *5 months** - Grasps rattle
• *6 months** - Transfers objects
• *10 months** - Immature pincer grasp
• *1 year** - Master pincer grasp
• *1 1/2 years** - Tower of 2-4 cubes
• *2 years** - Tower of 6 cubes, vertical line
• *3 years** - Circle, train
• *4 years** - Cross, bridge
• *5 years** - Square, triangle, ties shoelaces, step

Question 3

What are the language milestones?

Answer 3

• *2 months** - Alert to sounds
• *5 months** - Orient to voice
• *6 months** - Babbles
• *10 months** - Mama, dada
• *1 year** - First words mama dada, specific
• *1 1/2 years** - Names common objects
• *2 years** - Uses two word phrases
• *3 years** - Uses three word sentences, what, who
• *4 years** - Knows colours and some numbers, why, when, how
• *5 years** - Uses five-word sentences

Question 4

What are the social milestones?

Answer 4

2 months - recognises parent
5 months - enjoys looking around; laughs
6 months - stranger anxiety
10 months - waves bye-bye
1 year - imitate actions
1 1/2 years - copies parent in tasks (e.g. sweeping)
2 years - follows two-step commands
3 years - brushes teeth with help
4 years - cooperative play
5 years - domestic role play

Question 5

WHAT IS DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY?

Answer 5

Defined as the failure of child to achieve specific milestones at an age when it would be expected for most children to have achieved those milestones.

Question 6

What are the causes of developmental delay?

Answer 6

1. Deprivation
2. Idiopathic
   Which usually affects one field of development only. It may be familial or constitutional.
3. Learning disabilities
   Which will tend to result in delay in a number of areas
4. Specific abnormalities will result in delay in that area, and may impede other development
   Examples include blindness, deafness, cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy.

Question 7

What are examples of developmental disorders?

Answer 7

1. Infantile autism
2. Autistic psychopathy
3. Disintegrative disorder
4. Delayed puberty

Question 8

What are the red flags for gross motor skills?

Answer 8

1. 3 months
   Doesn’t hold head up
2. 9 months
   Doesn’t bear weight on legs with support and sit with support
3. 1 year
   Doesn’t crawl
4. 18 months
   Can’t walk

Question 9

What are the fine motor developmental red flags?

Answer 9

1. 4 months
   Doesn’t bring hands to mouth
2. 9 months
   Doesn’t tranfer toy from one hand to the other

Question 10

What are the social developmental red flags?

Answer 10

1. 3 months
   Doesn’t smile
2. 9 months
   Doesn’t respond to own name
3. 1 year
   Doesn’t wave bye or shakes head no
4. 18 months
   Doesn’t mind if caregiver leaves

Question 11

What are the language developmental red flags?

Answer 11

1. 1 year
   Says no single words
2. 15 to 18 months
   Does not speak at least 15 words