Nature is …..
genetics
Nurture is the….
Environment
Both nature andNurture play a vital role in ……
Development
What does twin studies show in development
this because twins raised in two different environments have different outcomes and all children in a family experience their environment differently, so they still have different nurture
o Developmental scientists attempt to determine how nature and nurture work together to influence how
People grow and change
From what ages does the rain undergo a lot of develoment, producing 700 new neural connections. During this age group experience and environment play a vital role and brain-building exercises are very insightful.
Ages 1-3
genotype influence is ….
Genetic characteristics like mutations, blood pressure, and diabetes (can not be seen)
Phenotype influence is …..
Physical characteristics like height, eye color, and hair type (can be seen)
Althrough people may share the same environment, there are different…..
factors
shared environments are…
things within the family environment that are shared by siblings, like number of books in a home
- Non-Shared are….
things within the family environment that is not shared by siblings, like different friends and different teachers
what are the stages of piagets theory of cognitive development
Sensorimotor
Preoperations
Concrete Operations
Formal Operations
Sensorimotor (0-2) is when…
Infants understand the world and think using only their senses and motor skills by watching, listening, touching, and tasting.
Preoperations (2-6) is when …..
Preschoolers explore the world using their own thoughts as guides and develop language skills to communicate their thoughts to others; advances are also characterized by several errors in logic.
Concrete Operations (7-11) is when……
School-aged children become able to solve everyday logical problems. But thinking is not fully mature, so thinking only applies to tangible and specific items.
Formal Operations (12+) is when….
Adolescents and adults can reason logically/abstractly about all possibilities, events, and concepts.
Erickson was influenced by freud, but placed less emphasis on instinctual drives as motivators of develoment and focused more on the role of ….
the social world, society, and culture in shaping development.
. Erikson proposed that we progress through eight stages of psychosocial development that include changes in how we understand and interact….
with others, society, and ourselves
(Erickson) Each of the stages presents a unique development task, or crisis, that must be resolved and how well that is addressed determines the ability to which the person deals with the demands made by the next stage of development. (True or False)
TRUE
Trust vs. Mistrust ( (0-1)
Infants learn to trust others with basic needs or to lack confidence that needs will be met.
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1-3)
Toddlers learn to be self-sufficient and independent through toilet training and feeding or lack confidence in their own abilities
Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6)
Young children become ambitious and eager for responsibility or experience overwhelming guilt for their curiosity and overstepping boundaries
Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12)
Children learn to be hard working, competent, and productive mastering new skills in school and home life or experience difficulty leading to feelings of inadequacy
Identity vs. Role Confusion (Puberty to Early Adulthood)
Adolescents search for a sense of self by experimenting with roles and try to find out “who am I?”
