What is classical conditioning
the idea that the pairing of contiguous events makes organisms learn associations between things, creating involuntary responses to stimuli
Who is the father of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
What is the process of classical conditioning?
- US ->UR then US + NS -> UR then CS -> CR
- Unconditioned stimulus is …
a stimulus that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response
- Unconditioned response is…
the automatic reaction to the stimulus
- Neutral stimulus is …
the item/action that does not elicit a response
- Conditioned stimulus is…
the neutral stimulus that has been paired with the unconditioned stimulus so many times that it has been conditioned to trigger a response
- Conditioned response is….
the learned reaction to a stimulus that has been paired with a stimulus that automatically elicits this reaction
- Extinction is ….
when the conditioned stimulus is presented multiple times without the unconditioned stimulus, it eventually does not elicit the conditioned response
What is operant conditioning ?
the idea that behaviors are shaped by reinforcers (rewards and punishments)
- Thorndike’s Law of Effect are ….
behaviors that are followed by punishment are weakened and behaviors that are followed by rewards are strengthened
- Positive reinforcement is…..
the action of giving something that increases behavior
- Negative reinforcement is….
the action taking something away that decreases behavior
- Punishment is …
anything that causes a decrease in behavior
- Reinforcement is…..
anything that causes an increase in behavior
- According to operant conditioning, Extinction is the..
disappearance of previously learned behavior when the behavior is not reinforced
what is shaping ….
a method of operant conditioning where the desired behavior is obtained through successive approximations of that behavior being reinforced; baby steps to a desired behavior
what are schedules within the reinforcment schedule?
o Fixed (continuous) ratio schedules
o Variable (intermittent) ratio schedules
o Fixed (continuous) interval schedules
o Variable (intermittent) ratio schedules
o Fixed (continuous) ratio schedules are ….
when a response is only reinforced after a fixed number of responses
o Variable (intermittent) ratio schedules
when a response is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses
o Fixed (continuous) interval schedules
when a response is reinforced only after a specific amount of time has elapsed
o Variable (intermittent) ratio schedules
when a response is reinforced after an unpredictable amount of time has elapsed
Which reinforcers strengthen a behavior?
Positive & Negative reinforcment?
Which reinforcers weaken a behavior ?
positive and negative punishment & Extinction.
