DEVELOPMET Session 16

Question 1

How does the fetal circulation occur ?

Answer 1

• Umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood to the fetus
• umbilical vein then enters the liver and joins the ductus venosus , which empties into the inferior vena cava
• The mix blood enters the heart ( right atrium ) , most of it is shunted to the left atrium through the foramen ovale.
• some blood that enter the right atrium is pumped into right ventricle and the pulmonary truck .
• it then joins the aorta by way of the ductus arteriosus

Question 2

What connects the 2 umbilical arteries carrying oxygen poor blood to the placenta ?

Answer 2

• The iliac arteries

Question 3

At birth , what can inflation of lungs cause ?

Answer 3

• Increased blood flow from the heart to the lungs

Question 4

What can a increase in blood flow from the pulmonary veins to the left atrium causes ?

Answer 4

• It can increases the pressure in the left atrium , causing a fall to cover the foramen ovale

Question 5

what are fontanelles and when do they appear?

Answer 5

• They are six large membranous areas in the skull that appear in the beginning of month 3

Question 6

When can you clearly hear the heartbeat of a fetus ?

Answer 6

• During the fourth month

Question 7

What is a lanugo ?

Answer 7

• it is a wrinkled , translucent skin which is covered by a fine down

Question 8

What is a vernix caseosa?

Answer 8

• It is coating with a white cheese like substance which protects the delicate skin from the amniotic fluid

Question 9

When does the fetus usually rotate so that the head is pointed toward the cervix ?

Answer 9

• during the 8-9 months period

Question 10

What is Braxton Hicks contractions ?

Answer 10

• False labor

Question 11

What positive feedback mechanism is used during labor ?

Answer 11

• Uterine contractions are induced by a stretching go the cervix , which also causes the release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland
• which then stimulates the uterine muscles to contract which pushes the fetus downward and the cervix stretches even more

Question 12

What is Parturition ?

Answer 12

• The process of giving birth

Question 13

What is effacement ( cervix dilatation ) ?

Answer 13

• This is when the cervical canal disappears due to uterine contractions

Question 14

When does the first step of parturition end ?

Answer 14

• When the cervix is dilated completely

Question 15

What is an Episiotomy ?

Answer 15

• An incision to enlarge the vaginal orifice

Question 16

When is the third stage of parturition completed ?

Answer 16

• When the placenta and its membranes are delivered

Question 17

In which week do the Gonads begin to develop ?

Answer 17

• 7th week

Question 18

What is Androgen insensitivity syndrome ?

Answer 18

• develops as a female because the receptors for testosterone are ineffective
• No testes are formed