Microbiome Session 34

Question 1

What are some factors that can weaken the hosts defences and increase susceptibility to infection?

Answer 1

• Age : The very young and the very old
• Genetic defects in immunity and acquired defects in immunity
• Pregnancy
• Surgery and organ transplants
• Underlying disease : cancer, liver malfunction , diabetes
• Chemotherapy/immunosuppressive drugs
• Physical and mental stress
• other infections

Question 2

How does Endogenous infections occur and what is it caused by ?

Answer 2

• Caused by biota already in the body
• This occurs when normal biota is introduced to a site that was previously sterile

Question 3

What are some ways to determine whats in the microbiome ?

Answer 3

• 16S rRNA sequencing
• Shotgun sequencing

Question 4

What is 16S rRNA and how is the sequencing useful ?

Answer 4

• IT is a marker gene that can be very helpful when trying to evaluate and determine what type of bacteria is in the sample.

Question 5

What is the reason that 16S sequence can be used to determine phylogenies ?

Answer 5

• the low rate of evolution

Question 6

How does shotgun sequencing differ from 16S rRNA sequencing ?

Answer 6

• While 16S rRNA sequencing is targeted , shotgun sequencing aims to get a picture of everything
• Shotgun sequencing is also not only limited to the classification of bacteria , it can find the strain and also extract the whole gene

Question 7

How does shotgun sequencing work to determine the bacteria ?

Answer 7

• DNA in a sample is broken into small pieces this is then sequenced and then assembled to see what is there

Question 8

What is gut microbiome key for early in life ?

Answer 8

• immune development
• Nutrient absorption
• Colonization resistance

Question 9

what effect does it have on the microbiome when a kid is born vaginally or via C-section ?

Answer 9

• Vaginal birth leads to microbiomes similar to mothers vagina
• C-section leads to microbiomes similar to the mothers skin

Question 10

What are the 6 main things that can effect the human biome ?

Answer 10

• Host physiology
• Environment
• Immune system
• Host genotype
• Lifestyle
• Pathobiology

Question 11

what are some diseases that the skin microbiota can play a role in ?

Answer 11

• Seborrhoeic dermatitis
• Acne
• Atopic Dermatitis
• Psoriasis