Digestive System

Question 1

What organs does the digestive system contain of?

Answer 1

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, duodenum, ileum, colon

Question 2

What’s digestion?

Answer 2

Process of which larger molecules are hydrolysed by enzymes into smaller molecules which can be absorbed and assimilated

Question 3

What’s absorption?

Answer 3

Taking soluble molecules into the body.

Question 4

What’s assimilation?

Answer 4

Incorporating absorbed molecules into body tissues.

Question 5

Food processing:

Answer 5

1= ingestion
2 = digestion
3 = absorption
4 = elimination

Question 6

Foods broken down by two actions:

Answer 6

• Physical/mechanical
• chemical

Question 7

Ron of he mouth

Answer 7

Foods taken & dewed into smaller pieces (mechanical digestion) = provides easier process as provides a large surface urea for chemical digestion.

Question 8

Role of salivary glands

Answer 8

Release salivary amylase, which breaks down starch into maltose.
- amylase is secreted by the salivary glands & mixes with food as its clewed = lubricates food to allow swallowing & begins the breakdown of starch.

Question 9

Role of mucus

Answer 9

• Protects the lining of stomach from digestion by the protease enzymes
• stops fiction / damage to the stomach & intestine.
• carries antibodies
• helps with peristalsis

Question 10

Role of the oesophagus

Answer 10

• Transports he bonus to the stomach
• the oesophageal sphincter stops the bonus and stomach acid from entering the oesophagus.

Question 11

Role of he stomach

Answer 11

• Muscular walled organ which temporarily stores undigested food.
• secretes HC I & pepsin
• bland in stomach produces mucus, which prevents the stomach being digested by its own enzymes.
• churns he bonus with gastric juices to form chyme & it absorbs water and fat soluble substances such as alcohol.

Question 12

Role of the liver

Answer 12

• Produces bile salts which emulsify’s fats
• storehouse fur glycogen (starch) and vitamins
• detoxifies many substances in the body ( alcohol, poisons)

Question 13

Role of the gall bladder

Answer 13

• Stores bile salts
• bile salts neutralises stomach acid

Question 14

Where is bile made?

Answer 14

Liver

Question 15

Role of the pancreas /

Answer 15

2 roles:
- releases digestive enzymes that help break down food.
-Releases hormones that control our blood sugar level

Question 16

What enzymes does the pancreas release?

Answer 16

Amylase = starch digestion
Lipase = fat digestion
Trypsin = protein digestion

Question 17

Role of small intestine.

Answer 17

Site of digestion and most absorption
- it releases exopeptidases, lactase, Maltese, sucrose = enzymes

Question 18

Role of the colon

Answer 18

• Ascending
• transverse
• descending
• sigmoid
  = water is absorbed here through colon wall & breaks down amino acids.

Question 19

How long is the colon?

Answer 19

5 ft long

Question 20

Role of the rectum

Answer 20

Stores faeces = 75% water & 25% solid matter