DNA

Question 1

What’s DNA?

Answer 1

Contains genetic information needed for development and functioning of an organism.

Question 2

What bonds hold the polynucleotide chains together?

Answer 2

Hydrogen bonds

Question 3

What’s the structure of DNA?

Answer 3

Double helix = two antiparallel polynucleotide chains twist

Question 4

What’s DNA helicase?

Answer 4

Enzyme catalyses the breaking of H bonds between the complementary organic bases in DNA.

Question 5

What’s DNA polymerase?

Answer 5

Enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of DNA by joining adjacent nucleotides, using single-stranded DNA as a template.

Question 6

Step 1 of DNA replication:

Answer 6

Original DNA molecule unwinds + hydrogen bonds are broke.

Question 7

Step 2 of DNA replication:

Answer 7

2 DNA strands separate due to helicase.

Question 8

Step 3 of DNA replication:

Answer 8

Free nucleotides are attracted to their complementary base pairs.

Question 9

Step 4 of DNA replication:

Answer 9

Strong sugar phosphate back bone is re-joined by DNA polymerase.

Question 10

What’s semi conservative replication?

Answer 10

Prosthetic
- DNAs double helix is copied, resulting in two new DNA molecules, each containing one original “parent” strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Question 11

What’s transcription?

Answer 11

The process of creating a messenger RNA (mRNA) copy of a genes DNA sequence.

Question 12

What’s translation?

Question 13

What’s ‘one gene one protein’ hypothesis?

Answer 13

Each gene is responsible for the production of a single specific enzyme

Question 14

Triplet code

Answer 14

DNA sequence of three nucleotide bases that codes for a specific amino acid.