Digestive System

Question 1

Biological term for chewing

Answer 1

Mastication

Question 2

_______ (macronutrient) contains the most amount of energy per gram

Answer 2

Lipids

Question 3

Steps of digestion

Answer 3

1. Ingestion
2. Propulsion
3. Mechanical and chemical breakdown
4. Nutrient absorption
5. Egestion

Question 4

Process of ingestion

Answer 4

1. The food enters the oral cavity.
2. Mastication occurs.
3. The salivary gland produces saliva, which mixes with food to produce bolus.
4. Amylase enzyme in the saliva breaks down starch, and glycogen into maltose.
5. The saliva contains mucus which lubricates the bolus, and buffers to neutralize acids from bacteria.
6. The bolus reaches the pharynx.
7. The epiglottis closes the trachea, and the sphincter muscles open the esophagus.
8. The food enters the esophagus.

Question 5

Esophagus carries the bolus from the _____ to the _______ via _________. When the foot enters the stomach it is now called _______

Answer 5

1. Mouth
2. Stomach
3. Peristalsis
4. Chyme

Question 6

The term used to describe the mechanical digestion process of the stomach

Answer 6

Churning

Question 7

Gastric juice components

Answer 7

1. Mucus
2. HCL
3. Pepsinogen

Question 8

Pepsinogen is produced by ______, which is a part of ________

Answer 8

1. Chief cells
2. Gastric glands secretory cells

Question 9

Stomach can hold _______ (volume) of foods.

Answer 9

2 to 4 liters

Question 10

HCL is produced by _____ cells, which are a part of _____

Answer 10

1. Parietal cells
2. Secretory cells of gastric glands

Question 11

The mucus is secreted by _______

Answer 11

The outer layer of mucosal cells

Question 12

Serotonin and histamine are produced by ______ in the stomach

Answer 12

Enteroendocrine cells

Question 13

Enteroendocrine cells produce _______. Their functions are _______

Answer 13

1. Serotonin and histamine
2. Stimulating more contraction and more secretion of gastric juices.
3. Somatostatin
4. Inhibiting further secretions

Question 14

_____ cells of the stomach produce ____ which stimulate the stimulation of gastric juice.

Answer 14

1. G-cells
2. Gastrin

Question 15

When the food enters the stomach, it is called _____

Answer 15

Chyme (liquid)

Question 16

Pancreas produces __________ into the duodenum.

Answer 16

1. Amylase
2. Trypsinogen
3. Chymotrypsinogen
4. Lipase
5. Bicarbonate
6. Nucleases

Question 17

Liver secretes _______ into the duodenum.

Answer 17

Bilirubin

Question 18

Gall bladder stores and secretes _______ into the duodenum.

Answer 18

Bile

Question 19

Duodenum secretes _________

Answer 19

1. Maltase
2. Sucrase
3. Lactase
4. Peptidase

Question 20

Jujenum contains _______

Answer 20

Villi, and microvilli

Question 21

______ contains microvilli

Answer 21

Enterocytes

Question 22

Ileum mainly absorbs _______

Answer 22

Vitamins

Question 23

Bile function

Answer 23

1. Contains bile salts which emulsifies large fatty globules into smaller ones.
2. Neutralize stomach acid

Question 24

Bilirubin is the _____ product of ________

Answer 24

1. Breakdown
2. Red blood cells

Question 25

Passively absorbed molecules

Answer 25

Fructose

Question 26

Actively absorbed molecules

Answer 26

glucose, small peptide, amino acids, vitamins

Question 27

How is lipid absorbed?

Answer 27

1. Lipid is broken down into fatty acid and glycerol. 2. They are then absorbed by enterocytes 3. They are then converted back into triglycerides. 4. These triglycerides are combined with protein, cholesterol, and phospholipid to form chylomicrons (lipoprotein), which can travel in the blood, or in the lymph.

Question 28

The term to describe the connection between the small and the large intestine

Answer 28

Caecum, iliocaecel valve

Question 29

Faeces is stored in the ____

Answer 29

Rectum

Question 30

The process of egestion is also called ____

Answer 30

Defecation

Question 31

There are ___ (how many) _____ muscles between anus and rectum

Answer 31

Two sphincter muscles

Question 32

In the large intestine _____ helps break down remaining ______ releasing ______

Answer 32

1. Bacteria 2. Nutrients 3. Vitamins, and short chain fatty acids

Question 33

Large intestine can absorb ____

Answer 33

1. Water 2. Electrolytes 3. Short chain fatty acids 4. Vitamins.