digestive system terms

Question 1

nutrients

Answer 1

chemicals in food that cells need

Question 2

Enzyme

Answer 2

specialized proteins that act as catalysts in the body

Question 3

Vitamin

Answer 3

organic compounds, help our bodies make macronutrients

Question 4

mineral

Answer 4

inorganic compounds, must be consumed daily, helps enzymes and hormones

Question 5

calorie

Answer 5

energy required to increase 1g of water 1ºC
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.

Question 6

mucus

Answer 6

surrounds food to lubricate it on the way down

Question 7

glycogen

Answer 7

**when carbohydrates are stored for later use as glycogen

found in liver an muscles**

acts as the body’s energy reserve, breaking down into glucose when the body needs fuel for activities or to maintain blood sugar levels

Question 8

lacteal (lymph vessels)

Answer 8

part of the small intestine that carry fluid away from cells

Question 9

physical (mechanical) digestion

Answer 9

physical breakdown of food (chewing, grinding), occurs in mouth, esophagus, and stomach

Question 10

chemical digestion

Answer 10

breakdown of food with chemicals (acids/enzymes), occurs in mouth and stomach

Question 11

bolus

Answer 11

round mass of chewed up food to be digested

Question 12

chyme

Answer 12

digested matter in stomach

Question 13

peristalsis

Answer 13

wave-like contractions to move bolus down esophagus into stomach.

secretes mucin to lubricate

Question 14

sphincters

Answer 14

prevent backflow

Question 15

rugae

Answer 15

grooves/folds in stomach used to break down food and increase surface area

Question 16

villi

Answer 16

increase surface area in small intestine. Fingerlike projections for absorption

Question 17

lymph vessel (lacteal)

Answer 17

carry fluid away from cells

Question 18

bile

Answer 18

produced in liver, emulsifies in small intestine. stored in gallbladder until fats enter small intestine

It helps break down fats into smaller droplets during digestion, making it easier for enzymes to digest them.

Question 19

probiotics

Answer 19

have bacteria that live in our large intestines, strengthens immune system.

Question 20

nutraceutical

Answer 20

purified substance taken as a supplement (ex. omega-3 fish oil pills)

Question 21

functional food

Answer 21

foods with health benefits beyond normal