Diuretics

Question 1

Diuretics

Answer 1

• Decrease blood volume, pre load, blood pressure, edema
• Promimal convoluted tubules: acetoazolamide
  o Mild dureuctic uses primarily for glaucoma not hyptertension
  o Increases urinary excretion of bicarbonate
  o Side effects:
   Acidosis
   Potassium depletion
   Avoid people with hepatic cirrhosis

Question 2

• Loop diruretics: furosemide

Answer 2

o Action
 Inhibits reabosprtion of sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium in the thick ascending limb
 Oral or parentrael fast acting
 Most potent diuretic
 Duge of choice for acute edema due to hear failure
o Side effects
 Hypoklameia
 Hypomagnesi, hyocalcemia
 Hypotension
 Goit
 Ototoxicity

Question 3

• Distal convolutes tibules: chlorothiazide

Answer 3

o Actions
 Oral
 Most commonly prescribes diuretic
 Hypertension and heart failure choice for
o Side effect
 Hypokalemia
 Thirst
 Increases blood cholesterol and glucose levels
 Hyperuricemia, gout

Question 4

• Collecting duct: spironolactone

Answer 4

o Actions:
 Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and secretion of potassium
 Mild effect: uses in combination with other diruetics to prevent potassium loss
o Side effects
 Hyperkalemia
 Durg interactions due to inducing cytochrome p450

Question 5

• ACE inhibitor: captopril

Answer 5

• ACE inhibitor: captopril
  o Actions
   Effective antihypertensive agen
   Increases potassium reabsorption lower aldosterone decreases hypokalemia in patients on diuretics
  o Side effects
   Dry cough

Question 6

• ARB: lostran

Answer 6

o Actions
 Get ride of that nasty ace inhibitor cough
 More effective blockade of Ang II
o Side effects
 Hyperkalmia lower aldosterone
 Renal failure
 Angioedema
 Do not take while pregnant