DNA

Question 1

Found In

Answer 1

All cells, restricted to the nucleus

Question 2

Body Cells

Answer 2

Somatic Cells. The number of somatic cells is always constant

Question 3

Gametes

Answer 3

Sex cells. Half the number of somatic cells

Question 4

Polyploidy

Answer 4

Multiple sets of chromosomes. Increases by a proportional factor

Question 5

Helicase

Answer 5

Using ATP, it will cut the hydrogen bonds at the replication fork, thus separating the complementary base pairs

Question 6

DNA Primase

Answer 6

• Copies a DNA template by making an RNA strand complementary to it
• Primase synthesizes a shorter RNA primer in the 5’ to 3’ direction. This enzyme is active only in the presence of other proteins, including helicase

Question 7

Topoisomerase

Answer 7

• Provides a swivel point after each replication fork to relieve supercoiling DNA molecules by transient breaking and resealing of just one of the strands
• Also called DNA gyrase

Question 8

DNA Polymerase

Answer 8

• Responsible for attaching complementary nucleotised to the template strand in the 5’ to 3’ direction. With the help of the exonuclease it can proofread its work in the 3’ to 5’ direction

Question 9

DNA Ligase

Answer 9

Joins Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand to form a continious DNA replicate