Enzymes

Question 1

Enzyme structure

Answer 1

Complex
made up of a mixture of components
Suffix of -ase
prefix is based on substrate it acts on

Question 2

The Substrate

Answer 2

• what the enzyme works on
• enzymes are specific to the substrate
• specifity is determined by active site

Question 3

4 Major categories of macromolecules

Answer 3

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 4

What category does enzymes fall under?

Answer 4

Most enzymes belong to the class of proteins (but some RNA molecules that act as enzymes)

Question 5

Naming enzymes

Answer 5

Take the name of the substrate the enzyme worls on and add the suffix - ase
lactose - lactase

Question 6

Function of enzymes

Answer 6

• Speed up chemical reaction
• catalyst to over 4000 biochemical reactions
• mobilize proteins

Question 7

What are enzymes?

Answer 7

Enzymes are reusable molecules found in living things

Question 8

Chemical reactions

Answer 8

• need initial input of energy to start reaction (molecules are in transition state)
• enzymes lower activation energy

Question 9

Reaction types

Answer 9

Either degradation or synthesis takes place.

Question 10

Induced Fit Hypothesis

Answer 10

Some proteins can change their shape (conformation)

When a substrate comes into contact with an enzyme, it induces a change in the enzymes conformation.

Question 11

Things that effect enzyme reaction

Answer 11

• Temperature
• pH
• substrate concentrate
• inhibitors

Question 12

Effect of temperature on enzymes

Answer 12

• optimum temperature at about 30 degrees
• Fully denatured at 70 degrees
• few bacteria have enzymes that can withstand 100 degrees
• cold water fish will die at 30 degrees because their enzymes denature

Question 13

Lock and Key Model

Answer 13

The substrate that matches with the enzyme, will fit into the enzymes active site, causing it to do a certain function

Question 14

Active Site

Answer 14

The shape and chemical environment inside the active site permits a chemical reaction to proceed more easily.