thomas & znaniecki
• letters
• polish immigrants & their families back home
• focuses on the cultural consequences of polish migration revealed themes such as crime, social happiness & prostitution put individuals at the centre of social changes
aires
• old paintings
• children appear without childhood characteristics shows how childhood is socially constructed
gerwitz
• school documents
• studied 15 documents, using a range of methods
• allowed comparisons between m/c, w/c, ethnicity minority majority population