3. Clinical Skill 2: PDx > Ears > Flashcards

Ears Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

What is the Pinna or Auricle?

A

Both terms refer to the same part of the ear, composed of pliable cartilage.

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2
Q

What is the primary function of the Pinna?

A

Concentrates sound waves and directs them into the ear to make the eardrum vibrate.

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the Auditory Ear Canal?

A

Transmit sound from the pinna to the ear drum (tympanic membrane).

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4
Q

What are the structural differences between the adult and child ear canal?

A

Adult: angled (45-degree incline); Child: straighter (10-degree incline).

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5
Q

Define Otalgia.

A

Ear pain, which can be primary (originating in the ear) or secondary (referred pain from outside the ear).

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6
Q

What is Otorrhea?

A

Ear discharge or drainage, commonly caused by otitis media with perforation, otitis externa, or cholesteatoma.

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7
Q

What does Vertigo refer to?

A

Sensation of movement (feeling off balance or spinning), often caused by inner ear issues.

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8
Q

What is Tinnitus?

A

Buzzing, clicking, or ringing sound perceived only by the patient.

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9
Q

What does the Tug Test assess?

A

It evaluates auricle and tragus tenderness to suggest acute otitis externa if painful.

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10
Q

What is the normal appearance of the tympanic membrane?

A

Pearl gray, semi-translucent.

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11
Q

What are the three ossicles of the middle ear?

A
  • Incus
  • Malleus
  • Stapes
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12
Q

What condition may cause cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to come out of the ear?

A

Head trauma or injury.

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13
Q

Describe Otitis Externa.

A

Inflammation/infection of the external auditory canal, can be bacterial or fungal.

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14
Q

What is the purpose of cerumen?

A
  • Lubricate ears
  • Antibacterial properties
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15
Q

What is Cholesteatoma?

A

Accumulation of debris in a cyst-like pocket, often caused by chronic infections.

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16
Q

What is Tympanitis?

A

Inflammation of the tympanic membrane, with many possible causes including otitis externa and otitis media.

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17
Q

What is Acute Otitis Media?

A

Inflammation and infection of the middle ear, which can be bacterial or viral.

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18
Q

What are common symptoms of Acute Otitis Media?

A
  • Reddish eardrum
  • May be purulent
  • Bulging drum
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19
Q

What does the Weber Test assess?

A

Determines if hearing loss is conductive or sensorineural based on sound lateralization.

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20
Q

What is the normal hearing interpretation of the Rinne Test?

A

Air conduction is heard 2x longer than bone conduction.

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21
Q

What are the visual findings of the tympanic membrane in a normal state?

A

Neutral position, no retraction or bulging.

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22
Q

What is the difference between Serous Otitis Media and Acute Otitis Media?

A

Serous is not infected, while Acute is infected.

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23
Q

What is the appearance of Tophi on the ear?

A

Hard white nodules along the upper helix, related to gout.

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24
Q

True or False: The ear canal in adults is straighter than in children.

A

False.

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25
Fill in the blank: Otalgia can be classified into ______ and ______ types.
primary; secondary
26
What is otitis media?
Inflammation & infection of the middle ear, can be bacterial or viral
27
What are the exam findings for otitis media?
Reddish eardrum, may be purulent, bulging drum obscuring normal landmarks
28
What complications can arise from otitis media?
* Perforation * Scarring * Cholesteatoma
29
What is serous otitis media?
Otitis media with effusion, not an ear infection, fluid sucked into the middle ear cavity
30
What does serous fluid look like in serous otitis media?
Clear, yellowish (amber) fluid, may see bubbles, may be retracted
31
What is a perforation of the ear drum?
Hole or tear in ear drum, usually accompanied by sudden relief of pain
32
What are common causes of ear drum perforation?
* Ear infection * Injury or trauma * Pressure changes
33
What is otosclerosis?
Excessive abnormal growth of bone in the middle ear
34
What are symptoms of otosclerosis?
* Hearing loss * Dizziness * Tinnitus
35
What is tympanosclerosis?
Calcification of tissue in the eardrum and middle ear due to chronic inflammation
36
What are the characteristics of tympanosclerosis?
Chalky, opaque, white patches that can lead to conductive hearing loss and tinnitus
37
What is labyrinthitis?
Inflammation of the inner ear, causes acute onset of vertigo, balance disorders, and hearing loss
38
What is the most common cause of labyrinthitis?
Viral infection
39
What is Meniere Disease?
Disorder of inner ear with a classic triad of symptoms: severe vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss
40
What are the symptoms of Meniere Disease?
* Severe vertigo * Tinnitus * Hearing loss
41
What is mastoiditis?
Inflammation and infection of the mastoid, usually caused by a middle ear infection
42
What are symptoms of mastoiditis?
* Severe pain * Swelling behind the ear * Fever * Hearing loss
43
What types of hearing loss exist?
* Conductive loss * Sensorineural loss
44
What is conductive hearing loss?
Interference with sound from outer ear to inner ear due to outer or middle ear issues
45
What are common causes of conductive hearing loss?
* Infection * Earwax build-up * Punctured ear drum * Fluid in middle ear
46
What is sensorineural hearing loss?
Damage to the neural part of the ear, affecting the auditory nerve or inner ear hair cells
47
What are common causes of sensorineural hearing loss?
* Chronic exposure to loud noises * Aging * Trauma
48
What is the Weber test used for?
To detect type of hearing loss
49
What does a positive Weber test indicate in conductive hearing loss?
Sound heard in abnormal ear
50
What does a positive Rinne test indicate in conductive hearing loss?
Bone conduction heard longer than air conduction
51
What are common causes of conductive hearing loss?
* Earwax * Fluid in ear * Foreign body * Infections
52
What are common causes of sensorineural hearing loss?
* Damage to inner ear * Noise exposure * Aging * Acoustic neuroma
53
What is the Pinna or Auricle?
Both terms refer to the same part of the ear, composed of pliable cartilage.
54
What is the primary function of the Pinna?
Concentrates sound waves and directs them into the ear to make the eardrum vibrate.
55
What is the purpose of the Auditory Ear Canal?
Transmit sound from the pinna to the ear drum (tympanic membrane).
56
What are the structural differences between the adult and child ear canal?
Adult: angled (45-degree incline); Child: straighter (10-degree incline).
57
Define Otalgia.
Ear pain, which can be primary (originating in the ear) or secondary (referred pain from outside the ear).
58
What is Otorrhea?
Ear discharge or drainage, commonly caused by otitis media with perforation, otitis externa, or cholesteatoma.
59
What does Vertigo refer to?
Sensation of movement (feeling off balance or spinning), often caused by inner ear issues.
60
What is Tinnitus?
Buzzing, clicking, or ringing sound perceived only by the patient.
61
What does the Tug Test assess?
It evaluates auricle and tragus tenderness to suggest acute otitis externa if painful.
62
What is the normal appearance of the tympanic membrane?
Pearl gray, semi-translucent.
63
What are the three ossicles of the middle ear?
* Incus * Malleus * Stapes
64
What condition may cause cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to come out of the ear?
Head trauma or injury.
65
Describe Otitis Externa.
Inflammation/infection of the external auditory canal, can be bacterial or fungal.
66
What is the purpose of cerumen?
* Lubricate ears * Antibacterial properties
67
What is Cholesteatoma?
Accumulation of debris in a cyst-like pocket, often caused by chronic infections.
68
What is Tympanitis?
Inflammation of the tympanic membrane, with many possible causes including otitis externa and otitis media.
69
What is Acute Otitis Media?
Inflammation and infection of the middle ear, which can be bacterial or viral.
70
What are common symptoms of Acute Otitis Media?
* Reddish eardrum * May be purulent * Bulging drum
71
What does the Weber Test assess?
Determines if hearing loss is conductive or sensorineural based on sound lateralization.
72
What is the normal hearing interpretation of the Rinne Test?
Air conduction is heard 2x longer than bone conduction.
73
What are the visual findings of the tympanic membrane in a normal state?
Neutral position, no retraction or bulging.
74
What is the difference between Serous Otitis Media and Acute Otitis Media?
Serous is not infected, while Acute is infected.
75
What is the appearance of Tophi on the ear?
Hard white nodules along the upper helix, related to gout.
76
True or False: The ear canal in adults is straighter than in children.
False.
77
Fill in the blank: Otalgia can be classified into ______ and ______ types.
primary; secondary
78
What is otitis media?
Inflammation & infection of the middle ear, can be bacterial or viral
79
What are the exam findings for otitis media?
Reddish eardrum, may be purulent, bulging drum obscuring normal landmarks
80
What complications can arise from otitis media?
* Perforation * Scarring * Cholesteatoma
81
What is serous otitis media?
Otitis media with effusion, not an ear infection, fluid sucked into the middle ear cavity
82
What does serous fluid look like in serous otitis media?
Clear, yellowish (amber) fluid, may see bubbles, may be retracted
83
What is a perforation of the ear drum?
Hole or tear in ear drum, usually accompanied by sudden relief of pain
84
What are common causes of ear drum perforation?
* Ear infection * Injury or trauma * Pressure changes
85
What is otosclerosis?
Excessive abnormal growth of bone in the middle ear
86
What are symptoms of otosclerosis?
* Hearing loss * Dizziness * Tinnitus
87
What is tympanosclerosis?
Calcification of tissue in the eardrum and middle ear due to chronic inflammation
88
What are the characteristics of tympanosclerosis?
Chalky, opaque, white patches that can lead to conductive hearing loss and tinnitus
89
What is labyrinthitis?
Inflammation of the inner ear, causes acute onset of vertigo, balance disorders, and hearing loss
90
What is the most common cause of labyrinthitis?
Viral infection
91
What is Meniere Disease?
Disorder of inner ear with a classic triad of symptoms: severe vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss
92
What are the symptoms of Meniere Disease?
* Severe vertigo * Tinnitus * Hearing loss
93
What is mastoiditis?
Inflammation and infection of the mastoid, usually caused by a middle ear infection
94
What are symptoms of mastoiditis?
* Severe pain * Swelling behind the ear * Fever * Hearing loss
95
What types of hearing loss exist?
* Conductive loss * Sensorineural loss
96
What is conductive hearing loss?
Interference with sound from outer ear to inner ear due to outer or middle ear issues
97
What are common causes of conductive hearing loss?
* Infection * Earwax build-up * Punctured ear drum * Fluid in middle ear
98
What is sensorineural hearing loss?
Damage to the neural part of the ear, affecting the auditory nerve or inner ear hair cells
99
What are common causes of sensorineural hearing loss?
* Chronic exposure to loud noises * Aging * Trauma
100
What is the Weber test used for?
To detect type of hearing loss
101
What does a positive Weber test indicate in conductive hearing loss?
Sound heard in abnormal ear
102
What does a positive Rinne test indicate in conductive hearing loss?
Bone conduction heard longer than air conduction
103
What are common causes of conductive hearing loss?
* Earwax * Fluid in ear * Foreign body * Infections
104
What are common causes of sensorineural hearing loss?
* Damage to inner ear * Noise exposure * Aging * Acoustic neuroma
3. Clinical Skill 2: PDx
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