1
Q
What is the appearance of Kaposi’s Sarcoma?
A
Deep purple tumor, often found in the mouth in 1/3 of patients.
2
Q
What type of tumor is Kaposi’s Sarcoma?
A
A low grade vascular tumor.
3
Q
What is Kaposi’s Sarcoma often associated with?
A
AIDS.
4
Q
What pigment is absent in albinism?
A
Melanin.
5
Q
What causes Hypercarotenemia?
A
Carotene from yellow/orange vegetables.
6
Q
What does cyanosis indicate?
A
Pale or cyanotic skin due to hemoglobin issues.
7
Q
What causes jaundice in skin pigmentation?
A
Extra pigments due to hyperbilirubinemia.
8
Q
Name the three layers of skin.
A
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Hypodermis
9
Q
What are the appendages of the skin?
A
- Hair
- Sebaceous glands
- Sweat glands
- Nails
10
Q
What are Beau’s lines?
A
Transverse depressions on the fingernails.
11
Q
What conditions can lead to Beau’s lines?
A
- Severe febrile disease
- Malnutrition
- Trauma
- Myocardial infarction
12
Q
What are Mees’ lines?
A
Horizontal white bands on the nails.
13
Q
What causes Half and Half nails?
A
Seen in renal failure.
14
Q
What characterizes Terry’s nails?
A
Dull white proximal nail and pink or brown distal nail.
15
Q
What is koilonychia?
A
Concave outer surface of the nail.
16
Q
What condition is often associated with koilonychia?
A
Iron deficiency.
17
Q
What is habit tic deformity?
A
Depression of the central nail, resembling a Christmas tree appearance.
18
Q
What is pitting of nails associated with?
A
Psoriasis.
19
Q
What is paronychia?
A
Superficial infection of proximal and lateral nail folds.
20
Q
What are the symptoms of paronychia?
A
Red, swollen, and tender areas around the nail.
21
Q
What are primary lesions?
A
Direct results of a disease process.
22
Q
What are secondary lesions?
A
Effects of primary lesions, often due to trauma or manipulation.
23
Q
What are the characteristics of macules?
A
Flat lesions under 1 cm.
24
Q
What are the characteristics of patches?
A
Flat lesions over 1 cm.
25
What is a wheal?
Transitory raised lesion resulting from an allergy response.
26
What is a papule?
Raised lesion under 1 cm.
27
What is a nodule?
Raised solid lesion under 1 cm.
28
What is a tumor?
Raised solid lesion over 1 cm.
29
What is a vesicle?
Fluid-filled lesion under 1 cm.
30
What is a bullae?
Fluid-filled lesion over 1 cm.
31
What is a pustule?
Lesion filled with pus.
32
What is a cyst?
Fluid or mucoid filled lesion that may vary in size.
33
What is a lipoma?
Slow growing fatty growth located between the skin and muscle.
34
What are petechiae?
Deposits of blood under the skin, 1-3 mm in size.
35
What are purpura?
Deposits of blood under the skin, 3 mm - 1 cm in size.
36
What is ecchymosis?
Deposits of blood under the skin, larger than 1 cm.
37
What are scales in dermatology?
Flakes of dead skin.
38
What is lichenification?
Thickened scaly area with exaggerated skin creases.
39
What is a crust?
Dried masses of material that have ooze out.
40
What is a scar?
Result of newly formed connective tissue replacing lost tissue.
41
What is a fissure?
Crack or split in the skin.
42
What is an ulcer?
Destruction of one or more skin layers.
43
What are the characteristics to document skin issues?
* Number
* Size
* Color
* Shape
* Texture
* Location
* Configuration
44
What is contact dermatitis?
Eczema caused by contact with an irritant.
45
What is atopic dermatitis?
Common eczema that often starts in childhood.
46
What is miliaria?
Heat rash characterized by burning and itching.
47
What are bunions?
Bony deformity where the first metatarsal bone turns outward.
48
What causes corns and calluses?
Thick, hard skin develops in response to pressure and friction.
49
What is erythema solare?
Sunburn caused by ultraviolet light.
50
What is Lyme disease?
Infection caused by a tick bite transferring Borrelia burgdorferi.
51
What is acne vulgaris?
Most common skin disease caused by obstruction and inflammation of hair follicles.
52
What are furuncles?
Deeper infections of hair follicles resulting in abscess formation.
53
What is a carbuncle?
Collection of boils caused by infection of hair follicles.
54
What is ‘barber's itch’?
Deeper hair follicle infections in individuals with beards.
55
What is a Furuncle?
Deeper and more serious infections of hair follicles, resulting in abscess formation.
56
What is a Carbuncle?
A collection of boils caused by infection of hair follicles by staphylococci.
57
What is sometimes referred to as 'barber's itch'?
Individuals with beards tend to have deeper hair follicles and are more likely to be affected by bacteria.
58
What characterizes Impetigo?
Localized crusty lesions and is contagious.
59
What is Pyoderma?
A pus-containing skin infection that can be primary (e.g., folliculitis, impetigo, furuncle) or secondary-infected (e.g., scabies).
60
What is Erysipelas?
A bacterial infection involving the upper dermis, characterized by large painful red plaques with well-demarcated borders.
61
What are the systemic effects of Erysipelas?
Chills and fever.
62
How does Erysipelas differ from Cellulitis?
Erysipelas is a superficial infection caused by streptococci, while cellulitis is deeper and can be caused by many bacteria.
63
What are the symptoms of Cellulitis?
Fever, tight stretched shiny appearance of skin, erythematous swollen hot areas, pain, and tenderness.
64
What is Scarlet fever?
A strep throat infection with a rash that shows up 18-24 hours after sore throat and fever.
65
What is Panniculitis?
Inflammation of subcutaneous fat, commonly caused by infection.
66
What are the common symptoms of Panniculitis?
Tender and red subcutaneous nodules located over the extremities.
67
What is MRSA?
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, spread by contact and can cause deep painful abscesses.
68
What is Necrotizing fasciitis?
A rare illness commonly caused by Group A Streptococcus, leading to extensive tissue destruction.
69
What are common triggers for Herpes Simplex outbreaks?
Fever, sunburn, menstruation, fatigue, or nervous tension.
70
What is Herpes Zoster?
A painful infection of nerves in the skin, often accompanied by skin eruptions along the nerve course.
71
What causes Papillomas (warts)?
Human papillomavirus (HPV) and they can grow anywhere on the skin, typically on hands/feet.
72
What are Tinea infections?
Fungal infections of the skin caused by dermophytes, characterized by circular lesions.
73
What is Tinea versicolor?
A superficial fungal infection causing hypo- or hyperpigmentation, not contagious or painful.
74
What are Scabies?
Skin mites that burrow into the skin causing intense itching, especially at night.
75
What is Pediculosis?
Louse infestation of the scalp, trunk, or pubic area, caused by different species.
76
What is Vitiligo?
Depigmented macules causing loss of skin color in blotches, not life-threatening or contagious.
77
What is Neurofibromatosis?
A genetic condition where tumors grow on nerves, usually benign.
78
What is Lupus?
A chronic autoimmune disease that can affect joints, skin, kidneys, blood, brain, lungs, and heart.
79
What is Vasculitis?
Inflammation of blood vessels that can include various symptoms depending on the affected region.
80
What is Polyarteritis nodosa?
A type of vasculitis that can cause systemic symptoms.
81
What is Dermatomyositis?
An inflammatory autoimmune disease that inflames small blood vessels in muscular tissue.
82
What type of skin cancer is Melanoma?
The most serious type of skin cancer, often resulting from UV radiation exposure.
83
What are the ABCDEF signs of Melanoma?
* Asymmetry
* Border irregularity
* Color variation
* Diameter greater than 6mm
* Evolving shape or color
* Elevated above the skin surface.
84
What characterizes Basal Cell Carcinoma?
The most common skin cancer, slow-growing, appears as a red papule with a depressed center.
85
What is Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
Faster growing skin cancer that may metastasize, originating from flattened epidermal cells.
86
What is Metastatic cutaneous cancer?
Cancer from another body part that has spread to the skin, fast-growing and firm.
