(MD 1) Human Physiology > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the standard paper speed for ECG graphing?
a) 10 mm/s
b) 25 mm/s
c) 50 mm/s
d) 100 mm/s

A

b) 25 mm/s

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2
Q

Each small box on ECG paper equals how much time?
a) 0.01 seconds
b) 0.02 seconds
c) 0.04 seconds
d) 0.10 seconds

A

c) 0.04 seconds

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3
Q

How many leads does a standard ECG have?
a) 6
b) 8
c) 10
d) 12

A

d) 12

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4
Q

The P wave represents:
a) Ventricular depolarization
b) Atrial depolarization
c) Ventricular repolarization
d) Atrial repolarization

A

b) Atrial depolarization

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5
Q

Normal duration of the PR interval is:
a) 0.08-0.12 seconds
b) 0.12-0.20 seconds
c) 0.20-0.30 seconds
d) 0.30-0.40 seconds

A

b) 0.12-0.20 seconds

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6
Q

How is heart rate calculated using the six-second method?
a) Count QRS complexes in 10 seconds and multiply by 6
b) Count QRS complexes in 6 seconds and multiply by 10
c) Count R waves in 1 second and multiply by 60
d) Count QRS complexes in 30 seconds

A

b) Count QRS complexes in 6 seconds and multiply by 10

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7
Q

The QT interval represents:
a) Atrial depolarization and repolarization
b) Ventricular depolarization to repolarization
c) Complete cardiac cycle
d) Time from P wave to T wave

A

b) Ventricular depolarization to repolarization

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8
Q

Which ECG lead is best for viewing the P wave?
a) Lead I
b) Lead III
c) Lead II
d) aVR

A

c) Lead II

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9
Q

Limb lead I measures the electrical activity between:
a) Right arm and left arm
b) Right arm and left leg
c) Left arm and left leg
d) Right arm and right leg

A

a) Right arm and left arm

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10
Q

The ST segment corresponds to which part of the cardiac cycle?
a) Atrial depolarization
b) Ventricular depolarization
c) Ventricular repolarization
d) Electrical resting phase of ventricles

A

d) Electrical resting phase of ventricles

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11
Q

Which leads form Einthoven’s Triangle?
a) Leads I, II, III
b) Leads aVR, aVL, aVF
c) Leads V1-V6
d) Leads I, aVR, V2

A

a) Leads I, II, III

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12
Q

What is the normal heart rate range of the SA node?
a) 40-60 bpm
b) 20-40 bpm
c) 60-100 bpm
d) 100-120 bpm

A

c) 60-100 bpm

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13
Q

What deflection is seen in leads when the depolarization wave moves toward the positive pole?
a) Upward deflection
b) Downward deflection
c) Biphasic deflection
d) No deflection

A

a) Upward deflection

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14
Q

The QRS complex represents:
a) Atrial repolarization
b) Ventricular depolarization
c) Atrial depolarization
d) Ventricular repolarization

A

b) Ventricular depolarization

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15
Q

What is the normal duration of QRS complex?
a) <0.06 seconds
b) <0.10 seconds
c) <0.12 seconds
d) <0.20 seconds

A

c) <0.12 seconds

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16
Q

An abnormal Q wave is considered when its duration is:
a) <0.015 seconds
b) >0.03 seconds
c) >0.02 seconds
d) <0.05 seconds

A

b) >0.03 seconds

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17
Q

The T wave represents:
a) Ventricular depolarization
b) Ventricular repolarization
c) Atrial depolarization
d) Atrial repolarization

A

b) Ventricular repolarization

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18
Q

What is the normal amplitude of the T wave?
a) >10 mm
b) <5 mm
c) >5 mm
d) <10 mm

A

b) <5 mm

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19
Q

The R-R interval is:
a) Time between start of one QRS complex to start of next
b) Time from P wave to QRS complex
c) Duration of ventricular repolarization
d) Time between P wave peaks

A

a) Time between start of one QRS complex to start of next

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20
Q

Which method uses the formula: HR = 300 / number of large squares between R waves?
a) Six-second method
b) Small square counting method
c) R-R method using big squares
d) 1500 method

A

c) R-R method using big squares

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21
Q

The mean electrical axis (MEA) of the heart normally lies within:
a) -30° to +90°
b) 0° to +180°
c) -90° to +30°
d) +90° to +180°

A

a) -30° to +90°

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22
Q

Which leads are used to determine the electrical frontal plane of the heart?
a) Standard limb and augmented limb leads
b) Precordial leads
c) Augmented chest leads
d) Unipolar limb leads only

A

a) Standard limb and augmented limb leads

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23
Q

What does a biphasic ECG wave indicate?
a) Net wave of depolarization perpendicular to lead axis
b) Depolarization moving toward positive pole
c) Depolarization moving toward negative pole
d) No electrical activity

A

a) Net wave of depolarization perpendicular to lead axis

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24
Q

What causes low-voltage QRS complexes?
a) Hyperkalemia
b) Large heart size
c) Increased distance between heart and electrodes (e.g., obesity)
d) High amplitude P waves

A

c) Increased distance between heart and electrodes (e.g., obesity)

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25
Which ECG lead shows inverted waveform normally? a) aVR b) Lead I c) Lead II d) aVL
a) aVR
26
What is the significance of the J point on an ECG? a) Beginning of QRS complex b) End of QRS complex and start of ST segment c) Peak of T wave d) Beginning of P wave
b) End of QRS complex and start of ST segment
27
ST segment elevation may indicate: a) Myocardial ischemia b) Myocardial infarction c) Normal variant d) Artifact only
b) Myocardial infarction
28
The PR segment reflects: a) Time between atrial and ventricular depolarization b) Ventricular repolarization c) Time of ventricular contraction d) Resting state of ventricles
a) Time between atrial and ventricular depolarization
29
Bazett’s formula is used to: a) Measure heart rate b) Calculate corrected QT interval c) Compute electrical axis d) Determine PR interval
b) Calculate corrected QT interval
30
TRUE OR FALSE: The ECG records the electrical activity of the heart as waveforms of P, QRS, ST, T, and U waves.
True
31
TRUE OR FALSE: Lead II provides the best view of the T wave.
False
32
TRUE OR FALSE: Normal P wave duration is less than 0.11 seconds
True
33
TRUE OR FALSE: The QT interval shortens as heart rate increases.
True
34
TRUE OR FALSE: The PR interval normally ranges from 0.30 to 0.40 seconds.
False
35
TRUE OR FALSE: The QRS complex duration normally is less than 0.12 seconds.
True
36
TRUE OR FALSE: The ST segment is usually isoelectric (flat) in a healthy person.
True
37
TRUE OR FALSE: A left axis deviation means that the electrical axis is between +90° and +180°
False
38
TRUE OR FALSE: The standard calibration for ECG voltage is 1 mV = 10 mm deflection.
True
39
TRUE OR FALSE: Artifacts on an ECG tracing always indicate heart disease.
False
40
Effect of hypocalcemia may prolong: A. QRS complex B. P wave C. ST segment D. T wave E. T-Q segment F. QT Interval
F. QT Interval It prolongs PHASE 2
41
Phase 4 of cardiac AP (isoelectric baseline): A. QRS complex B. P wave C. ST segment D. T wave E. T-Q segment
E. T-Q segment
42
Best view of P wave Best reference of the heart's electrical activity in a normal healthy individual A. Lead 1 B. Lead 2 C. Lead 3 D. NOTA E. AOTA
B. Lead 2
43
Interpret the inferior wall of the heart A. Lead 1 B. Lead 2 C. Lead 3 D. Both A and B E. Both B and C
E. Both B and C
44
Interpret the high lateral wall of the left ventricle A. Lead 1 B. Lead 2 C. Lead 3 D. Both A and B E. Both B and C
A. Lead 1
45
Standard limb leads A. Lead 1 B. Lead 2 C. Lead 3 D. NOTA E. AOTA
E. AOTA
46
bipolar A. Lead 1 B. Lead 2 C. Lead 3 D. AOTA E. NOTA
D. AOTA
47
From right arm to left foot A. Lead 1 B. Lead 2 C. Lead 3 D. Both A and B E. Both B and C
B. Lead 2 Goes from NEGATIVE TO POSITIVE
48
Precordial leads A. aVR B. aVF C. aVL D. AOTA E. NOTA
E. NOTA These are AUGMENTED LEADS
49
Unipolar A. aVR B. aVF C. aVL D. AOTA E. NOTA
D. AOTA
50
Positive terminal on left arm A. aVR B. aVF C. aVL D. AOTA E. NOTA
C. aVL TERMINAL IS ALWAYS POSITIVE
51
Inverted A. aVR B. aVF C. aVL D. AOTA E. NOTA
A. aVR Hence it is ALWAYS NEGATIVELY DEFLECTED IN ECG unless dextrocardia or wrong ECG placement
52
Mid axillary line in the 5th intercostal space A. V1 B. V2 C. V3 D. V4 E. V5 F. V6
F. V6
53
Represents anterior aspect of the heart A. V1-4 B. V5-6 C. aVL D. aVF E. Lead 2&3 F. D & E G. B & C
A. V1-4
54
CHOOSE the letter(s) applicable. Where electrical activities of the posterior wall are measured A. V1 B. V2 C. V3 D. V4 E. V5 F. V6
A and B
55
Represents lateral aspect of the heart A. V1-4 B. V5-6 C. aVL D. aVF E. Lead 2&3 F. D & E G. B & C 4th ICS, right of sternum
G. B & C Sometimes lead 1
56
Represents inferior aspect of the heart A. V1-4 B. V5-6 C. aVL D. aVF E. Lead 2&3 F. D & E G. B & C
F. D & E
57
CHOOSE the letter(s) applicable. Where electrical activities of the latreal wall are measured A. V1 B. V2 C. V3 D. V4 E. V5 F. V6
E and F
58
CHOOSE the letter(s) applicable. Where electrical activities of the anterior wall are measured A. V1 B. V2 C. V3 D. V4 E. V5 F. V6
B, C, D
59
TRUE OR FALSE: positive poles of chest leads point anteriorly. negative poles of chest leads point posteriorly
True
60
Plane of transmission by limb leads A. Frontal B. Sagittal C. Transverse
A. Frontal
61
Plane of transmission by precordial leads A. Frontal B. Sagittal C. Transverse
C. Transverse
62
63
1 small square: A. 1 mm B. 3 mm C. 5 mm
A. 1 mm
64
1 big box (5x5) A. 1 mm B. 3 mm C. 5 mm
C. 5 mm
65
10mm equals: A. 0.1 mV B. 1 mv
B. 1 mv
66
Standard speed captured on ECG A. 15 mm/sec B. 20 mm/sec C. 25 mm/sec
C. 25 mm/sec
67
Additional chest leads for children: A. V3R B. V7 C. V4R D. AOTA
D. AOTA V3R and V4R on right V7 for big left ventricle
68
Baseline reference state Electrical resting state of heart A. PR segment B. ST segment C. TP segment
C. TP segment
69
MI / heart attack A. ST segment elevation B. ST segment depression
A. ST segment elevation
70
Ischemia A. ST segment elevation B. ST segment depression
B. ST segment depression
71
Represents physiologic delay A. PR segment B. ST segment C. TP segment
A. PR segment
72
TRUE OR FALSE: Atrial repolarization also occurs in the QRS complex
True
73
Low voltage QRS complex is often seen with underlying disease and presents with low ECG findings. A criteria for this is ____ recording in the limb leads and ____ recording in the chest leads A. <5mm, <7mm B. <8mm, <10mm C. <5mm, <8mm D. <8mm, <7mm
C. <5mm, <8mm
74
This is a point or junction between QRS complex and ST segment
J point
75
Standard calibration A. A B. B C. C
A. A
76
Half Standard calibration A. A B. B C. C
B. B
77
Double normal Standard calibration A. A B. B C. C
C. C
78
Formula for determining HR using six second method
Number of QRS in 30 large squares X 10
79
Formula for determining HR using R-R method (big squares)
300/ number of big squares between 2 R waves
80
Formula for determining HR using R-R method (small squares)
1500/ number of big squares between 2 R waves This is MORE ACCURATE
81
(-) lead 1 (+) aVF A. Normal B. Left axis deviation C. Right axis deviation D. Extreme axis deviation
C. Right axis deviation
82
(+) lead 1 (+) aVF A. Normal B. Left axis deviation C. Right axis deviation D. Extreme axis deviation
A. Normal
83
(+) lead 1 (-) aVF A. Normal B. Left axis deviation C. Right axis deviation D. Extreme axis deviation
B. Left axis deviation
84
(-) lead 1 (-) aVF A. Normal B. Left axis deviation C. Right axis deviation D. Extreme axis deviation
D. Extreme axis deviation
85
-90 to 180 A. Normal B. Left axis deviation C. Right axis deviation D. Extreme axis deviation
D. Extreme axis deviation
86
0-90 A. Normal B. Left axis deviation C. Right axis deviation D. Extreme axis deviation
A. Normal
87
Lead pair of Lead 1 A. aVF B. aVR C. aVL
A. aVF
88
Lead pair of Lead 2 A. aVF B. aVR C. aVL
C. aVL
89
Lead pair of Lead 3 A. aVF B. aVR C. aVL
B. aVR
(MD 1) Human Physiology
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