R44 Pilot's Operating Handbook > Emergency Procedures > Flashcards

Emergency Procedures Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Land Immediately mean in emergency procedures?

A

Land on the nearest clear area where a safe normal landing can be performed

Be prepared to enter autorotation during approach, if required.

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2
Q

What does Land as soon as practical indicate?

A

Landing site is at pilot’s discretion based on nature of problem and available landing areas

Flight beyond nearest airport is not recommended.

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3
Q

What may indicate a power failure?

A
  • Low RPM horn
  • Change in noise level
  • Nose left yaw
  • Oil pressure light
  • Decreasing engine RPM
  • Unusual noise or vibration
  • Decreasing rotor RPM while engine RPM is increasing

A power failure may be caused by either an engine or drive system failure.

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4
Q

In case of power failure, what should you do immediately?

A

Lower collective to enter autorotation and reduce airspeed to power-off Vne or below

Aft cyclic is required when collective is lowered at high airspeed.

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5
Q

What should you not apply during touchdown or ground slide to prevent possible blade strike to tailcone?

A

Aft cyclic

This caution is important to avoid damage during landing.

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6
Q

What is the first step to take during a power failure above 500 feet AGL?

A

Lower collective immediately to maintain rotor RPM

This action helps to prevent rotor RPM from dropping too low.

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7
Q

At what airspeed should a steady glide be established during a power failure above 500 feet AGL?

A

Approximately 70 KIAS

This speed is optimal for maximum glide distance or minimum rate of descent.

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8
Q

Between which percentages should the rotor RPM be maintained between during a power failure above 500 feet AGL?

A

97 and 108%

If light weight prevents attaining above 97%, apply full down collective.

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9
Q

What is the recommended action regarding the landing spot during a power failure above 500 feet AGL?

A

Select landing spot and maneuver into wind if altitude permits

This helps ensure a safer landing approach.

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10
Q

When can a restart be attempted during a power failure above 500 feet AGL?

A

At pilot’s discretion if sufficient time is available

Refer to the ‘Air Restart Procedure’ for more details.

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11
Q

What should be done with unnecessary switches and the fuel valve if unable to restart during a power failure above 500 feet AGL?

A

Turn unnecessary switches and fuel valve off

This helps to prevent any potential hazards during landing.

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12
Q

What action should be taken at about 40 feet AGL during a power failure above 500 feet AGL?

A

Begin cyclic flare to reduce rate of descent and forward speed

This maneuver prepares the aircraft for landing.

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13
Q

What should be done at about 8 feet AGL during a power failure above 500 feet AGL?

A

Apply forward cyclic to level ship and raise collective just before touchdown

This cushions the landing and ensures a level attitude.

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14
Q

What is the first step to take during a power failure between 8 feet and 500 feet AGL?

A

Lower collective immediately to maintain rotor RPM

This is crucial to prevent rotor RPM from dropping.

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15
Q

What should the rotor RPM be maintained between during a power failure between 8 feet and 500 feet AGL?

A

97 and 108%

If light weight prevents attaining above 97%, apply full down collective.

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16
Q

What should be maintained until ground is approached during a power failure between 8 feet and 500 feet AGL?

A

Airspeed

This is important for controlling descent and landing.

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17
Q

What should be done at about 8 feet AGL during a power failure between 8 feet and 500 feet AGL?

A

Apply forward cyclic to level ship and raise collective just before touchdown

This action helps cushion the landing.

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18
Q

What should you do to prevent yawing during a power failure below 8 feet AGL?

A

Apply right pedal as required

This action helps maintain control of the rotorcraft during descent.

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19
Q

During a power failure below 8 feet AGL, what should you do to cushion landing?

A

Raise collective just before touchdown

This technique helps soften the impact during landing.

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20
Q

What is the airspeed for maximum glide distance configuration?

A

Approximately 90 KIAS

This speed optimizes the glide performance of the rotorcraft.

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21
Q

What is the rotor RPM for maximum glide distance configuration?

A

Approximately 90%

Maintaining this rotor RPM is crucial for efficient gliding.

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22
Q

What is the best glide ratio for maximum glide distance configuration?

A

About 4.7:1 or one nautical mile per 1300 feet AGL

This ratio indicates the efficiency of the glide in terms of distance covered.

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23
Q

What is the airspeed for minimum rate of descent configuration?

A

Approximately 55 KIAS

This speed is essential for achieving the lowest rate of descent.

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24
Q

What is the minimum rate of descent in feet per minute for minimum rate of descent configuration?

A

About 1350 feet per minute

This rate is critical for controlled descent during autorotation.

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25
What is the **glide ratio** for minimum rate of descent configuration?
About 4:1 or one nautical mile per 1500 feet AGL ## Footnote This ratio reflects the glide efficiency at this configuration.
26
True or false: You should **increase rotor RPM** to 97% minimum when auto rotating below 500 feet AGL.
TRUE ## Footnote This increase is necessary to maintain rotor performance during low altitude autorotation.
27
What is the **caution** regarding engine restart if malfunction is suspected?
Do not attempt restart ## Footnote Restarting should not occur before safe autorotation is established.
28
At what altitude are **air restarts** not recommended?
Below 2000 feet AGL ## Footnote AGL stands for Above Ground Level.
29
List the steps in the **air rest art procedure**.
* Mixture - Off * Throttle - Closed * Starter - Engage * Mixture - Move slowly rich while cranking ## Footnote These steps are crucial for safely attempting an air restart.
30
What indicates a **loss of tail rotor thrust in forward flight**?
Nose right yaw which cannot be corrected by applying left pedal ## Footnote This condition requires immediate action to enter autorotation.
31
What is the first step to take in the event of a **loss of tail rotor thrust in forward flight**?
Immediately enter autorotation ## Footnote This is crucial to manage the aircraft's control.
32
What airspeed should be maintained if practical during a **loss of tail rotor thrust in forward flight**?
At least 70 KIAS ## Footnote Maintaining this airspeed helps in controlling the aircraft.
33
What should be done with the **throttle** during a loss of tail rotor thrust in forward flight?
Roll throttle off into overtravel spring ## Footnote This action is part of the autorotation landing procedure.
34
What should be done if a suitable landing site is not available during a **loss of tail rotor thrust in forward flight**?
Enter full autorotation before reducing airspeed ## Footnote This allows for limited controlled flight at low power settings.
35
What indicates a **loss of tail rotor thrust in hover**?
Nose right yaw which cannot be stopped by applying left pedal ## Footnote This condition requires immediate action to manage the aircraft.
36
What is the first step to take in the event of a **loss of tail rotor thrust in hover**?
Immediately roll throttle off into overtravel spring and allow aircraft to settle ## Footnote This helps to manage the descent safely.
37
What should be done just before touchdown during a **loss of tail rotor thrust in hover**?
Raise collective to cushion landing ## Footnote This action helps to soften the landing impact.
38
What should a pilot do if there is a **headset audio failure**?
Land as soon as practical ## Footnote This is important for maintaining safety and communication.
39
What is a caution regarding **low RPM horn** in case of a headset audio failure?
Pilot will not hear horn with a failed headset ## Footnote This emphasizes the need for immediate landing to avoid low RPM situations.
40
What should you do during an **engine fire on the ground** when cranking?
Continue and attempt to start, which would suck flames and excess fuel into the engine ## Footnote This action is critical to manage the fire situation effectively.
41
If the engine starts during an **engine fire on the ground**, what RPM should it run at?
60-70% RPM for a short time ## Footnote This helps stabilize the engine before taking further actions.
42
List the steps to take during an **engine fire on the ground** after the engine starts.
* Fuel mixture – OFF * Fuel valve – OFF * Battery switch – OFF * Apply rotor brake (if time permits) * Exit helicopter ## Footnote These steps are essential for safety and to prevent further complications.
43
What is the first action to take during an **engine fire in flight**?
Enter autorotation ## Footnote This is crucial for maintaining control of the helicopter.
44
What should you do with the **cabin heat** during an engine fire in flight?
OFF (if time permits) ## Footnote This helps reduce the risk of fire spreading.
45
What should you do with the **cabin vent** during an engine fire in flight?
ON (if time permits) ## Footnote This action helps to ventilate the cabin.
46
If the engine is running during an **engine fire in flight**, what should you do after landing?
* Fuel mixture OFF * Fuel valve OFF ## Footnote These steps are necessary to ensure the fire is extinguished.
47
What should you do if the engine stops running during an **engine fire in flight**?
* Fuel valve OFF * Complete autorotation landing ## Footnote This is critical for safely landing the helicopter.
48
What should be turned **OFF** during an **electrical fire in flight**?
* Battery switch * Alternator switch ## Footnote This action helps to eliminate the source of the electrical fire.
49
What should you do with the **cabin vents** during an electrical fire in flight?
Open ## Footnote This helps to ventilate the cabin and reduce smoke.
50
What is the immediate action to take during an **electrical fire in flight**?
Land immediately ## Footnote Quick landing is essential to ensure safety.
51
What should you do with the **fuel mixture** and **fuel valve** during an electrical fire once on the ground?
* Fuel mixture OFF * Fuel valve OFF ## Footnote This is important to prevent any potential fuel-related fire.
52
If time permits during an electrical fire once on the ground, what should you do with the **rotor brake**?
Apply to stop rotors ## Footnote This helps to secure the helicopter after landing.
53
What should you do after an electrical fire in flight?
Exit helicopter ## Footnote Ensuring personal safety is the priority after landing.
54
True or false: The **low RPM warning system** and governor are operative with both battery and alternator switches off.
FALSE ## Footnote Both systems become inoperative when the switches are off.
55
What should you do if the **rotor or engine tach** malfunctions in flight?
Use remaining tach to monitor RPM ## Footnote If unclear which tach is malfunctioning or if both tachs malfunction, allow governor to control RPM and land as soon as practical.
56
True or false: Each tach, the governor, and the low RPM horn are on the **same power circuit**.
FALSE ## Footnote They are on separate power circuits, and a special circuit allows the battery to supply power to the tachs with the battery and alternator switches both off.
57
What are the indications of **hydraulic system failure**?
* Heavy or stiff cyclic and collective controls * Intermittent and/or vibrating feedback in the controls * Increase in stick forces ## Footnote Control will be normal except for the increase in stick forces.
58
What is the first step to take if you suspect a **hydraulic system failure**?
Verify HYD Switch – ON ## Footnote If hydraulics are not restored, turn HYD Switch – OFF.
59
What should you do if the **engine RPM governor** malfunctions?
* Grip throttle firmly to override the governor * Switch governor off * Complete flight using manual throttle control ## Footnote This allows for control of the aircraft despite the governor failure.
60
What does the **OIL** warning light indicate?
Loss of engine power or oil pressure ## Footnote Check engine tach for power loss and oil pressure gauge. If pressure loss is confirmed, land immediately.
61
What should you do if the **ENG FIRE** light comes on?
Refer to procedures on page 3-6 ## Footnote Indicates possible fire in engine compartment.
62
What does the **MR TEMP** light indicate?
Excessive temperature of main rotor gearbox ## Footnote See note below for further instructions.
63
What does the **MR CHIP** light indicate?
Metallic particles in main rotor gearbox ## Footnote See note below for further instructions.
64
What does the **TR CHIP** light indicate?
Metallic particles in tail rotor gearbox ## Footnote See note below for further instructions.
65
If a warning light is accompanied by noise, vibration, or temperature rise, what should you do?
Land immediately ## Footnote If there is no other indication of a problem, land as soon as practical.
66
What should you do if the chip light comes on again after cleaning and reinstalling the detector plug?
Replace gearbox before further flight ## Footnote Hover for at least 30 minutes after refilling tail rotor gearbox with new oil.
67
If a light causes excessive glare at night, what can be done?
Unscrew bulb or pull circuit breaker ## Footnote This eliminates glare during landing.
68
What does the **LOW FUEL** indicator signify?
Indicates approximately three gallons of usable fuel remaining. The engine will run out of fuel after ten minutes at cruise power. ## Footnote Do not use LOW FUEL as a working indication of fuel quantity.
69
What should be done if the **AUX FUEL PUMP** light indicates low pressure?
Land as soon as practical. If light is accompanied by erratic engine operation, land immediately. ## Footnote Indicates low auxiliary fuel pump pressure.
70
What does the **FUEL FILTER** light indicate?
Indicates fuel strainer contamination. Land as soon as practical if no other indication of a problem. ## Footnote If light is accompanied by aux fuel pump warning light or erratic engine operation, land immediately.
71
What does the **CLUTCH CAUTION** light indicate?
Indicates clutch actuator circuit is on, either engaging or disengaging clutch. ## Footnote When switch is in the ENGAGE position, light stays on until belts are properly tensioned.
72
True or false: The **clutch light** may come on momentarily during run-ups or during flight to retension belts.
TRUE ## Footnote This is normal as belts warm-up and stretch slightly.
73
What should you do if the **clutch light** flickers or comes on in flight and does not go out within 10 seconds?
Pull CLUTCH circuit breaker and land as soon as practical. ## Footnote Reduce power and land immediately if there are other indications of drive system failure.
74
What is the recommended action if there are indications of **drive system failure**?
Be prepared to enter autorotation and have drive system inspected for a possible malfunction. ## Footnote Reduce power and land immediately.
75
What does **ALT** indicate in flight?
Low voltage and possible alternator failure ## Footnote This warning suggests that the alternator may not be functioning properly.
76
What should you do if the **ALT** light comes on?
* Turn off nonessential electrical equipment * Switch ALT off then back on after one second ## Footnote This action resets the alternator control unit.
77
If the **ALT** light stays on after resetting, what action should be taken?
Land as soon as practical ## Footnote Continued flight without a functioning alternator can lead to hazardous conditions.
78
True or false: Continued flight without a functioning alternator can result in loss of power to tachometers.
TRUE ## Footnote This can produce a hazardous flight condition.
79
What does the **STARTER ON** light indicate?
Starter motor is engaged ## Footnote If the light does not go out when the starter button is released, it indicates a potential issue.
80
What should you do if the **STARTER ON** light does not go out after releasing the starter button?
* Immediately pull mixture off * Turn battery switch off * Have starter motor serviced ## Footnote These steps are critical to prevent damage to the starter motor.
81
**LOW RPM** indicates rotor speed below what percentage?
97% RPM ## Footnote This warning signals that immediate action is required to restore rotor speed.
82
To restore RPM when **LOW RPM** is indicated, what should you immediately lower?
collective ## Footnote Lowering the collective is a critical step in addressing low rotor speed.
83
What action should be taken after lowering collective to restore RPM?
roll throttle on ## Footnote This action helps to increase rotor speed effectively.
84
In **forward flight**, what additional control input should be applied to restore RPM?
aft cyclic ## Footnote Applying aft cyclic helps to manage the aircraft's attitude and rotor speed.
85
When is the **LOW RPM** light disabled?
when collective is full down ## Footnote This indicates that the rotor speed is no longer in the low range.
86
What does **GOV OFF** indicate?
Engine RPM governor is switched off ## Footnote This indicates that the engine's RPM governor is no longer regulating the engine speed.
87
What does the **light** indicate regarding **carbon monoxide** levels?
Elevated levels of carbon monoxide (CO) in cabin ## Footnote Indicates the need to shut off heater and open nose and door vents.
88
If you see the **carbon monoxide** light, what should you do?
* Shut off heater * Open nose and door vents * If hovering, land or transition to forward flight ## Footnote These actions are necessary to ensure safety in the presence of CO.
89
What symptoms accompany **carbon monoxide poisoning**?
* Headache * Drowsiness * Dizziness ## Footnote If these symptoms are present, land immediately.
90
What does **HYD** indicate?
Hydraulic system is switched off ## Footnote This signal is important for understanding the status of hydraulic systems in various applications.
91
What does the **LOW RPM HORN** indicate?
Rotor speed below 97% RPM ## Footnote The horn activates simultaneously with the LOW RPM caution light.
92
How can you restore RPM when the **LOW RPM HORN** is activated?
* Lower collective * Roll throttle on * Apply aft cyclic in forward flight ## Footnote The horn and light are disabled when collective is full down.
93
What does the **HIGH RPM WARBLE** indicate on later aircraft?
Rotor speed approaching the 108% RPM limit ## Footnote A warble (high/low tone) in the audio system signals this condition.
94
What action should be taken when the **HIGH RPM WARBLE** is heard?
Raise collective as required to control RPM ## Footnote This is necessary to prevent exceeding the RPM limit.
R44 Pilot's Operating Handbook
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