1
Q
consists of ten tests including trail making test and critical flicker frequency test
A
Halstead-reitan battery of neuropsychological test
- diagnose brain damage
2
Q
consists of 120 items plus several alternative tests, applicable to ages between 2 years and adulthood
A
Stanford binet intelligence scale
3
Q
Korsakoff syndrome test
A
Wechsler memory scale
4
Q
test of intelligence, considered to be free from sociocultural bias
A
Ravens progressive matrices
5
Q
fast estimate of current performance IQ
A
Wechsler memory scale
6
Q
which test is part of WAIS verbal subtests
A
digit spam
7
Q
MRI shows a meningioma compressing the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on the left, which test result is most likely to be impaired
A
Wisconsin card sorting test
8
Q
Executive function tested by
A
Wisconsin card sorting test
9
Q
non verbal intelligence
A
Raven;s progressive matrices
10
Q
location and effects of brain lesions
A
Halstead-reitan battery test
11
Q
test of visual memory
A
Rey-osterrieth test
12
Q
tests of verbal memory
A
paired associate learning test
13
Q
measures set shifting abilities and response inhibition
A
stroop test
14
Q
measures visuospatial and perceptuomotor speed
A
trail making test
15
Q
measure pre-morbid intelligence
A
national adult reading test
16
Q
screening measure for signs of organic dysfunction
A
bender visual motor Gestalt test
17
Q
repetition of 3 objects (apple, table and penny. after a distraction task)
A
retention and recall
18
Q
A
19
Q
carrying out a three stage command
A
attention and recall
20
Q
radial arm maze task
A
visuospatial memory
21
Q
morris water maze task
A
visuospatial memory
22
Q
T-maze task
A
visuospatial memory
23
Q
latent inhibition test
A
sensorimotor gating
24
Q
Models of depression
A
- yoked shock test
- forced swim test
25
anxiety
light dark box, elevated plus maze
25
the process by which one gene gives rise to more than one protein
alternate splicing
26
process of post-translational modification of proteins
phosphorylation
27
distinct process by which protein is formed from mRNA
translation
28
schizophrenia risk brother
9-15%
29
schizophrenia risk grandchild
6-8%
30
an adopted child of her second brother, the child has velocardiofacial syndrome
25-30%
30
if her child marries someone without schizophrenia
9-15%
31
an increase in the size of a triplet repeat
expansion
32
substation of one amino acid for another
missence
33
5 base pair deletion in an axon
frame-shift
34
A to T point mutation
transversion
35
identify a specific disease locus
association studies
36
establish chromosomal location of a disease locus
linkage studies
37
implicate molecular pathways
transgenic studies
38
robertsonian translocation 14:21
down syndrome
39
CTG trinucleotide repeats
myotonic dystrophia
40
congenital supravavlular aortic stenosis, elfin facies with microcephaly, appears disinhibited in social settings
Chr7q11
41
developmental delay, low IQ, jerky movements especially hand-flapping, frequent smiling and seizures
Chr15q11-13 maternally inherited Angelman
42
feeding problems due to difficulty swallowing and sucking, cat-like cry and poorly developed facial features
Chr5p12, cri du chat
43
study the life time incidence of genetic disease
population studies
44
localise the genes responsible for a disease or condition
linkage analysis
45
relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors of the disease
twin studies and adoption studies
46
CADASIL gene
NOTCH 3
47
schizophrenia genes
DISC 1, dysbindin, neurregulin
48
PD
LRRK2, PINK1, alpha-synuclein
49
FTD
MAPT
50
tumours on surface of brain with patchy sclerosis of brain surface
tuberous sclerosis, spontaneous mutations
51
progressive dementia and movement disorder beginning in middle adulthood, depression and frank psychosis
autosomal dominant - HD
52
hyperuricaemia, movement disorders and intense self mutilisation, impaired renal function and CP
X-linked recessive LEsch-Nyhan syndrome
53
male phenotype infertile eunuchoid appearance, small testes and Barr bodies
non-dysfunction of chromosomes
54
Trisomy 18
Edward syndrome
55
chromosome X mutation affecting purine metabolism
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
56
ZNF8-4A polymorphism
schizophrenia
57
used in experiments to decrease gene expression
Si-RNA
58
provides a bridge between mRNA and amino acids
t-RNA
59
enzymes which attach amino acids to t-RNA
aminoacyl t-RNA synthesise
60
occurs exclusively in females and the gene associated is MECP2 at Xq28
Rett syndrome,
61
penetrance is greater in males than females, gene sequence has been cloned and designated as FMR-1
Fragile X chromosome
62
Congenital disorder caused by a micro deletion of chromosome 22, associated with intellectual disability and schizophrenia
velocardiofacial syndrome
63
autosomal dominant condition with NFI gene 17q11.2 involved the gene product is thought to be a tumour suppressor gene
neurofibromatosis
64
X-linked recessive condition due to a mutation in the HGPRT gene
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
65
cri du chat location
5
66
velocardiofacial syndrome
22
67
smith magenis syndrome
17
68
williams syndrome
7
69
Reward processing
nucleus accumbens
70
emotions
amygdala
71
dysdiadochokinesia
cerebellum
72
executive functions
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
73
Best executive function tests
Wisconsin card sorting test
Tower of London test
74
Attention test
digit span test
continuous performance test
75
initiation of physical movement
posterior superior temporal lobe
76
the tract of fibres that connect frontal and temporal lobes
superior longitudinal fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus
77
dominant structure involved in stereotactic brain mapping
anterior commissure, posterior commissure
78
tract plays a crucial role in object recognition
inferior longitudinal fasciculus
79
creutzdeldt - Jacob disease
periodic generalised 1-2 Hz sharp waves
80
absence seizures
regular 3Hz complexes
81
Myoclonic epilepsy
generalised multiple spike wave discharges
82
huntington dementia
flattened trace
83
hepatic encephalopathy
triphasic waves
84
Alzheimer disease EEG
reduced alpha waves
85
partial seizures EEG
large localised spikes of sharp waves
86
schizophrenia
no characteristic pattern
87
psychopathy
immature posterior temporal slow waves
88
delirium
some alpha and generalised increased delta waves
89
7-11 Hz occurs in motor cortex
Mu waves
90
antipsychotics
increase in alpha and slow wave activity
91
antidepressants
increase in alpha and slow wave activity
92
anticonvulsants
no effect on awake EEG
93
benzodiazepines
increased beta but decreased alpha activity
94
alcohol
increased alpha and theta activity
95
opioids
increase in theta and delta activity
96
marijuana
increased alpha activity
97
cocaine
increased alpha activity
98
barbiturates
increased beta and decreased alpha activity
99
chemical groups with monoamines
serotonin, dopamine, noradrenaline
100
amino acids
glutamate, glycine, GABA
101
peptides
cholecystokinin, endorphins, angiotensin
102
alzheimer disease enzyme
acetylcholinesterase
103
huntington disease enzyme
glutamic acid decarboxylase
104
epilepsy enzyme
glutamic acid decarboxylase
105
depression enzyme
tryptophan
106
NMDA receptors
, glutamate, glycine
107
anandamide receptor
endocannabinoids
108
precursor of dopamine
tyrosine
109
precursor of serotonin
L-tryptophytan
110
precursor of noradrenaline
Tyrosine
111
precursor of acetylcholine
choline
112
precursor of histamine
histadine
113
secreted by hypothalamus and enhances food intake
Neuropetide Y
114
secreted by stomach and stimulates hunger
Ghrelin
115
considered as an internal measure of energy state
Leptin
116
dopamine breakdown
monoamine oxidase B
117
breakdown noradrenaline
monoamine oxidase A
118
break down serotonin
monoamine oxidase A
119
located on the post synaptic membrane
acetylcholinesterase
120
breaks down GABA
transaminase
121
dopamine
homovanillic acid
122
noradrenaline breakdown products
vanilyl mandelic acid
123
serotonin breakdown
50hydroxyindolecacetic acid
124
acetylcholine breakdown
choline
125
GABA breakdown
succinic acid
126
acetylcholine function
learning, arousal, rapid eye movement sleep, pain perception, thirst, parasympathetic
127
dopamine function
motivation, novelty seeking, reward circuit, motor movement
128
serotonin function
mood, perception of pain, feeding, sleep-wake cycle, motor activity, sexual behaviour and temperature regulation
129
GABA function
mediates anxiety, mood regulation, autonomic mediation
130
noradrenaline causes
arousal
131
noradrenaline, location
locus coeruleus
132
serotonin location
median and dorsal raphe nuclei with widespread cortical projects and in spinal cord
133
GABA is found
inhibitors neurotransmitter
seen in 60% of synapses of the brain
134
Glutamate
neocortical projections, hippocampus, cerebral cortex
135
acetylcholine location
nucleus basalts of meynert
136
anxiety disorders
GABA
137
regulation of circadian rhythm
5HT7
138
antiemetic effect
5HT3
139
antigenic and anorexic effect
5HT2c
140
antidepressant action due to agonistic effect
5HT1A
141
antimigraine effect
5HT1D
142
identify three taupoathies
Alzheimer disease, pick disease, progressive supra nuclear palsy
143
synucleinopathies - accumulation of alpha-synuclein
Parkinson disease, levy body dementia, multi system atrophy
144
autism neuropathological finding
hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis
145
multi-infarct dementia finding
multiple cerebral infarcts
146
chronic traumatic encephalopathy finding
thinning of corpus callosum
147
Huntington disease finding
atrophy of corpus striatum
148
Parkinson disease
depigmentation of cells in basal ganglia
149
Wilsons disease neuropathological
brick red pigmentation in basal ganglia
150
tardive dyskinesia
dopamine D2 receptor supersensitivity in the nigrostriatal pathway
151
alzheimer's disease
diffuse global atrophy
152
Binswanger;s disease
small infarctions of the white matter that spare the cortical regions
153
Creutzfeldt Jacob disease
no characteristic gross morphological changes
154
Korsakoff psychosis pathophysiological mechanism
maxillary body alpha-ketoglutarate
155
Binswanger disease - pathophysiology
subcortical leukomalacia
156
alzheimer disease - pathophysiology
beta-amyloid precursor protein
157
CJD pathophysiology
prion proteins
158
Parkinson's disease pathophysiology
alpha synucleinopathy
159
wilson disease pathophysiology
ceruloplasmin deficiency
160
multisystem atrophy
alpha synucleinopathy
161
corticobasal degeneration pathology physiology
tau protein
162
fibres of multimeric chains of peptides deposited extracellularly with a beta-pleated sheet conformation
senile plaques
163
rod shaped eosinophilic bodies in the cytoplasm of neurons
Hirano bodies
164
abnormally phosphorylated tau proteins
neurofibrillary tangles
165
small vacuoles with central granules in cytoplasm of neurons primarily in the temporal lobes
granulovacuolar degeneration
166
accumulation of beta A4 peptide predominantly in the walls of blood vessels in the cerebral cortex
cerebral amyloid angiopathy
167
anterior spinothalamic tracts
light touch and pressure sensations
168
lateral spinothalamic tracts
pain and temperature sensation
169
anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts
proprioception and movement sensations
170
lateral corticospinal tract
voluntary movement
171
this abnormal protein can be found in the CSF by immunoassay
14-3-3
172
this is the most supportive diagnostic test in variant CJD
MRI
173
obsessive compulsive disorder pathophysiology
increased caudate blood flow
174
huntington chorea
degeneration of the striatum, selective loss of GABAergic neurons
175
Tourette syndrome
stratal dopaminergic dysfunction
176
Fahr disease
calcium deposition in the basal ganglia
177
Hemiballisumus
sub thalamic nucleus lesions
Hiyield 2
flashcards
Decks in class (15)
# Cards
