Emotion 5.2 [HY]

Question 1

What’re 3 elements of emotion

Answer 1

physiological, behavioral, & cognitive response

Question 2

Physiological Response

Answer 2

• When a feeling is first experienced, arousal is stimulated by the autonomic
  nervous system
• includes changes in heart
  rate, breathing rate, skin temperature, and blood pressure.
• Can include fear, aggression, and embarrassment

Question 3

Behavioral Response

Answer 3

• includes facial expressions and body language
• smile, friendly hand gesture, head tilt

Question 4

Cognitive Response

Answer 4

• the subjective interpretation
  of the feeling being experienced.
• Determination of one’s emotion is an evaluative process largely based on memories of past experiences and perception of the cause of the emotion.

Question 5

Darwin’s Universal Emotions

Answer 5

all humans evolved the same set of facial muscles to show the same expressions when communicating emotion, regardless of their society or
culture.

Question 6

7 Universal Emotions

Answer 6

happiness, sadness,
contempt, surprise, fear, disgust, and anger

Question 7

Cultural Dissimilarities in Emotion

Answer 7

varying reactions to similar events, differences in the emotional experience
itself, the behavior exhibited in response to an emotion, and the perception of that emotion by others within the society

Question 8

Evolutionary perspective

Answer 8

• everything we do, think, and feel is based on specialized functional programs designed for any problem we encounter.
• different emotions are thought to have evolved during different periods in history.

Question 9

James-Lange theory of Emotion

Answer 9

• Stimulus -> leads to arousal of nerves and ganglia -> leads to emotion
• Disproven by spinal cord injury not affecting emotional lvl

Question 10

Cannon–Bard Theory of Emotion

Answer 10

• Nervous system arousal + emotion = action in response
• Disproven by vagus nerve that is a feedback system of nerves to CNS

Question 11

Schachter–Singer Theory of Emotion

Answer 11

• Nervous system arousal and cognitive appraisal needed to experience emotion
• Basically, unexpected environment + arousal = emotion

Question 12

Parts of Limbic System

Answer 12

• amygdala, thalamus,
  hypothalamus, hippocampus and fornix, septal nuclei, and parts of the cerebral cortex
• Important in motivation and emotion

Question 13

Amygdala Functions

Answer 13

• Signals attention and emotion
• processes the environment, detects external cues, and learns from the person’s surroundings in order to produce emotion.
• detects facial expressions

Question 14

How does hypothalamus dictate emotion?

Answer 14

by controlling the neurotransmitters that affect mood and arousal

Question 15

Hippocampus and emotion

Answer 15

• Along with the functions of the amygdala and
  hypothalamus, the storage and retrieval of emotional memories is key in
  producing an emotional response
• explicit memory system, primarily controlled by the hippocampus in the medial temporal lobe, and the implicit memory system, controlled by the amygdala.

Question 16

Emotional memory

Answer 16

the storage of the actual feelings of emotion associated with an event.

Question 17

Explicit vs Implicit Memory

Answer 17

• explicit memory of the emotion produces a conscious memory of the experience, and implicit memory determines the expression of past emotions.
• Implicit is stored, and explicit is recalled
• Implicit is the sensation of a memory
• Explicit is the events of the memory

Question 18

Lobes involved with interpreting facial expression

Answer 18

• Mainly temporal, and some occipital
• the right hemisphere is more active when discerning facial expressions than the left.
• Women’s brains activate more for this

Question 19

Prefrontal cortex

Answer 19

• associated with planning intricate cognitive functions, expressing personality, and making decisions.
• left prefrontal cortex is associated with positive emotions and the right prefrontal cortex with negative emotions.

Question 20

Dorsal prefrontal cortex

Answer 20

attention and cognition

Question 21

Ventral prefrontal cortex

Answer 21

connects with regions of the brain responsible for experiencing emotion

Question 22

Ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Answer 22

• Thought to play a substantial role in decision making and controlling emotional responses from the amygdala

Question 23

Physiological components of emotion

Answer 23

• Skin temperature, heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure are all affected when experiencing emotion.
• Skin temp. increases with rage
• Diastolic blood pressure (resting) is increased to the greatest degree by anger, followed by fear, sadness, and happiness.