Endocrine System

Question 2

What is the endocrine system made up of?

Answer 2

Glands and the hormones they secrete

Question 3

Name the primary endocrine glands

Answer 3

pituitary
pineal
thyroid
parathyroid
islets
adrenal
ovaries
testes

Question 4

What is the primary function of the endocrine system?

Answer 4

The production and regulation of chemical substances called hormones

Question 5

Define a hormone.

Answer 5

A chemical transmitter released in small amounts from glands, transported in the bloodstream to target organs or other cells

Question 6

What do hormones regulate?

Answer 6

• Growth
• Development
• Mood
• Tissue function
• Metabolism
• Sexual function

Question 7

True or False: Hyposecretion or hypersecretion of any hormone can be harmful to the body.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

Answer 8

It is the primary link between the endocrine and nervous systems

Question 9

What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland?

Answer 9

Anterior lobe and posterior lobe

Question 10

What does Growth Hormone (GH) do?

Answer 10

Essential for the growth and development of bones, muscles, and other organs

Question 11

What is the function of Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)?

Answer 11

Essential for the growth of the adrenal cortex

Question 12

What is the role of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)?

Answer 12

Essential for the growth and development of the thyroid gland

Question 13

Fill in the blank: Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is a _______.

Answer 13

gonadotropic hormone

Question 14

What does Luteinizing Hormone (LH) stimulate?

Answer 14

• Development of corpus luteum in females
• Production of testosterone in males

Question 15

What does Prolactin (PRL) stimulate?

Answer 15

The development and growth of mammary glands and milk production during pregnancy

Question 16

What is the function of Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)?

Answer 16

Regulates coat pigmentation and promotes the deposit of melanin

Question 17

What does Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) stimulate?

Answer 17

The reabsorption of water by the renal tubules

Question 18

What condition can result from hyposecretion of ADH?

Answer 18

Diabetes insipidus

Question 19

What does Oxytocin stimulate?

Answer 19

• Uterus to contract during labor
• Mammary glands to release milk

Question 20

Describe the shape and size of the pineal gland.

Answer 20

Pine-cone-shaped and about 1 cm in diameter

Question 21

What is the role of Melatonin?

Answer 21

Communicates information about environmental lighting and affects sleep/awake cycles

Question 22

What is Serotonin and what does it regulate?

Answer 22

A neurotransmitter that regulates intestinal movements and affects appetite, mood, sleep, anger, and metabolism

Question 23

What is the function of Calcitonin?

Answer 23

Influences bone and calcium metabolism; maintains homeostasis of calcium in the blood plasma

Question 24

What hormones are essential to basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Answer 24

• Thyroxine (T4)
• Triiodothyronine (T3)

Question 25

What do the parathyroid glands secrete?

Answer 25

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 26

What can result from too little parathyroid hormone?

Answer 26

Cramping

Question 27

What can result from too much parathyroid hormone?

Answer 27

Osteoporosis or kidney stones

Question 28

What do Beta cells in the islets of Langerhans secrete?

Answer 28

Insulin

Question 29

What condition can result from inadequate levels of insulin?

Answer 29

Diabetes mellitus

Question 30

What role do Alpha cells play in blood sugar regulation?

Answer 30

Facilitate the breakdown of glycogen to glucose, elevating blood sugar

Question 31

what do the delta cells in the islets of lagerhands do

Answer 31

suppresses glucagon and insulin

Question 32

what does the anterior pituitary gland produce

Answer 32

gh prl fsh acth msh

Question 33

what does the posterior pituitary gland produce

Answer 33

oxytocin and ADH