Endocrine System

Question 1

What is it called when a girl partially or completely lacks female sex chromosomes?

Answer 1

Turner Syndrome

Question 2

What is it called when boys have at least 2 X chromosomes, instead of the normal single X chromosome?

Answer 2

Klinefelter Syndrome

Question 3

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism:

Answer 3

-weight loss
-sweating
-tachycardic

Question 4

Symptoms of hypothyroidism:

Answer 4

-weight gain
-fatigue
-depression

Question 5

What’s the condition where the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced resulting in high blood sugar?

Answer 5

Diabetes Mellitus

Question 6

Diabetes mellitus symptoms:

Answer 6

-increased thirst (polydipsia)
-increased urination (polyuria)
-increased hunger (polyphagia)

Question 7

Type 1 DM:

Answer 7

When the pancreas is UNABLE to produce enough insulin

Question 8

The beta cells are destroyed by an immune response in Type 1 or Type 2?

Answer 8

Type 1 DM

Question 9

Noninsulin-dependent diabetes:

Answer 9

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Question 10

Where are the adrenal glands located?

Answer 10

On top of the kidneys

Question 11

Which corticosteroid helps regulate the water and electrolyte balance in the body?

Answer 11

Mineralocorticoids

Question 12

Which corticosteroid helps regulate carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and have an anti-inflammatory effect on the body?

Answer 12

Glucocorticoids

Question 13

Steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortext that influence male and female sexual characteristics:

Answer 13

Sex hormones

Question 14

Where is the adrenal medulla located?

Answer 14

Central region of the adrenal gland

Question 15

What is secreted from the adrenal gland that helps you deal with short-term stress?

Answer 15

Catecholamines

Question 16

Where is the adrenal cortex located?

Answer 16

Outer portion of the adrenal gland

Question 17

What is secreted from the adrenal gland that helps you deal with long-term stress?

Answer 17

Glucocorticoids

Question 18

Why do some people consider the adrenal medulla to be a misplaced part of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 18

Because it is developed from nervous tissue and releases hormones by impulses from the sympathetic nervous system

Question 19

What is the most well known glucocorticoid?

Answer 19

Cortisol

Question 20

What regulates glucose metabolism and has anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties?

Answer 20

Cortisol

Question 21

Cushing Syndrome:

Answer 21

A disorder that occurs when your body is exposed to high levels of cortisol

Question 22

Cushing Syndrome symptoms:

Answer 22

-weight gain above the waist
-thinning of the arms and legs
-purple stretch marks
-swollen face
-bump/hump on back

“cushy”

Question 23

What is a big cause for Cushing Syndrome?

Answer 23

Taking too much prednisone

Question 24

Prednisone:

Answer 24

A synthetic steroid drug prescribed for the treatment of severe inflammation and for immunosuppression

Question 25

Addison's Disease:

Answer 25

A condition caused by insufficient secretions of adrenal cortex hormones (not enough)

Question 26

A person with Addison's needs to ADD hormones. (T/F)

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What are the two main hormone steroids that are underproduced in Addisons?

Answer 27

-Glucocorticoids (cortisol) -Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone)

Question 28

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 28

Helps regulate the salt and water balance in the body

Question 29

Addison's Disease symptoms:

Answer 29

-muscle weakness -weight loss -nausea -fatigue -low blood pressure -low blood sugar -patchy darkening of the skin