Patho 620 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

(53 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Functions of the Nervous Sytem:

A
  1. Collect sensory input from the body and external environment
  2. Process and interpret the sensory input
  3. Respond appropriately to the sensory input
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an example of a sensory organ?

A

Eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the organs that are devoted to gathering sensory input and sending it to the brain?

A

Sensory organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are specialized cells of the nervous system that transmit signals throughout the body?

A

Neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are neurons that sense temperature?

A

Thermoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the part of the nervous system that involuntarily regulates internal body functions?

A

Autonomic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some examples of ways the autonomic nervous system work in the body?

A

-Breathing
-Sweating
-HR
-Salivation
-Pupil dilation
-Vessel constriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the part of the nervous system that voluntarily responds to external stimuli?

A

Somatic Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the extensions of neurons that receive signals and conduct them TOWARD the cell body?

A

Dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the extensions of neurons that conduct signals AWAY from the cell body to other cells?

A

Axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When polarization is occurring, how many Na+ come IN the cell and how many K+ leave the cell?

A

3 Na+ leave the cell then 2 K+ enter the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A reduction of the difference in charge across the membrane is what?

A

Depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Flow of how the depolarization occurs on the cell itself (dendrites & axons):

A

Starts at the dendrite, then moves down the cell body, then toward the axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the site where an axon terminates at a target cell?

A

Synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the signaling molecules used at the synapses to pass a signal from a neuron to its target cell?

A

Neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When a neuron is resting is it polarized or depolarized?

A

Polarized is a neurons RESTING state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When a neuron has negative and positive charges existing on opposite sides, the neuron is considered:

A

Polarized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When a neuron receives a signal, sodium channels in the membrane open up and allow an influx of what?

A

Na+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens when an influx of Na+ enter the neuron cell?

A

Depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dendrites are extensions of neurons that receive signals and conduct them ______ the cell body.

A

TOWARD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Axons are extensions of neurons that conduct signals ______ from the cell body to other cells.

A

AWAY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the ability to sense noxious stimuli (pain)?

23
Q

What is the condition where a person CANNOT feel pain?

Study These Flashcards
A

Congenital Analgesia

24
Q

Examples of Mechanical Noxious Stimuli:

Study These Flashcards
A

-tearing of the skin (abrasion)
-pinching

**physical things that result in pain

25
Examples of Thermal Noxious Stimuli:
-fire nearby -frostbite **Changes in extreme temperatures
26
Chemical Noxious Stimuli
Chemicals that induce pain sensation
27
What is the neurotransmitter that is involved in transmitting a pain sensation?
Glutamate substance P
28
Where in the brain is involved in relaying and processing pain sensations?
Thalamus
29
Where does the pain signal go in the brain after it has been received by the thalamus?
Cerebral cortex
30
What is the structure in the brain that is responsible for maintaining your body's homeostasis?
Hypothalamus
31
At the spinal cord, the nociceptor meets or synapses with another nerve. What neurotransmitter is released here?
Glutamate or substance P
32
Perforating trauma:
A type of trauma where something enters the body through one place and exits out the body through another
33
Example of perforating trauma:
Gun shot wound
34
What is the other name for a head injury?
Craniofacial trauma
35
What is a collection of blood pooling in body tissues and outside of blood vessels?
Hematoma
36
What is another term for Epidural Hematoma?
Extradural hematoma
37
What is the condition that results in the pooling of blood between the skull and the dura mater?
Epidural hematoma/extradural hematoma
38
Where is the dura mater located?
Protective covering of the brain and spinal cord (meningeal layer) closest to the skull
39
Who is more at risk of an epidural hematoma and why?
A younger person due to the dura mater not being fully developed like an adults
40
What is it called when there's a TEMPORARY loss of all or most of the reflexes that are below the level of the spinal cord injury?
Spinal shock
41
Examples of autonomic reflexes:
-HR -digestion -breathing
42
Autonomic Dysreflexia:
A syndrome that typically affects people with damage to the spinal cord above the sixth thoracic vertebrae, resulting in a potentially life-threatening condition
43
Autonomic dysreflexia typically affects people with a spinal cord injury at which location?
At the sixth thoracic vertebrae or above
44
Autonomic dysreflexia may result in which of the following?
Increased blood pressure with a drop in HR
45
What is a condition where the brain is unable to function properly due to a loss of oxygen and nutrients carried to it by blood vessels, resulting in rapid brain cell death?
Cerebrovascular Accident
46
Hemoragic stroke:
Due to bursting of a blood vessel
47
Ischemic stroke:
Blockage within the blood vessel (thrombus or emolus)
48
What is an embolus?
Particle, often a mini clot that has broken off of a thrombus that has traveled & blocked off blood supply
49
What is a thrombus?
Blood clot
50
What is it called when a person has a short-lived episode of ischemia to the brain?
Transient Ischemic Attack (mini stroke)
51
What are two main meds that are used in people that are at risk for strokes?
Warfarin and aspirin
52
A widening or ballooning out of an artery due to a weakened vessel wall is what?
Brain aneurysm
53
Risk factors for cerebrovascular conditions:
-smoking -high cholesterol -family history
Patho 620
flashcards
Decks in class (29)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions