Endocrine System

Question 1

Where does the endocrine system secrete hormones?

Answer 1

Into the blood system

Question 2

What biomolecule are most hormones?

Answer 2

Proteins

Question 3

What biomolecules are some hormones, e.g steroids

Answer 3

Lipids

Question 4

Difference between the exocrine and endocrine glands

Answer 4

An exocrine gland releases its product into ducts (e.g salivary, sweat glands)
While an endocrine gland releases hormones directly into the bloodstream

Question 5

What is both an exocrine and endocrine gland?

Answer 5

The pancreas

Question 6

Hormone

Answer 6

Chemical messenger

Question 7

Pituitary gland - location - hormone - function

Answer 7

Beneath brain
Growth hormone
Bone elongation

Question 8

Hypothalamus - location - hormone - function

Answer 8

Base of brain, above pituitary
ADH (Anti-diuretic hormone)
Water reabsorption in the kidneys (osmoregulation)

Question 9

Pineal - location - hormone - function

Answer 9

Within brain
Melatonin
Controls body rhythms (circadian rhythm)

Question 10

Thyroid - location - hormone - function

Answer 10

On trachea- in neck
Thyroxine (tyrosine + iodine)
Controls metabolism

Question 11

Deficiency in thyroxine

Answer 11

Children = cretinism , symptom is low metabolism
Adult = myxoedema, symptom is tired+weight gain - extreme case is goitre

Question 12

Corrective measure for thyroxine deficiency

Answer 12

Thyroxine or iodine tablets

Question 13

Excess in thyroxine

Answer 13

Grave’s disease - increased metabolism, bulging eyes, hungry, weight loss

Question 14

Corrective measure for excessive thyroxine

Answer 14

Corrected by surgery or radiation

Question 15

Parathyroids - location - hormone - function

Answer 15

In the thyroid gland - parathormone - controls release of calcium from bones into plasma

Question 16

Thymus - location - hormone - function

Answer 16

Top of chest(thoracic cavity) - thymosin - matures lymphocytes

Question 17

adrenals - location - hormone - function

Answer 17

Top of kidneys - adrenaline - flight/fight response

Question 18

Pancreas - location - hormone - function

Answer 18

Abdomen/below stomach - insulin - reduces blood sugar levels

Question 19

Pancreatic endocrine function

Answer 19

Insulin produced by islets of langerhans

Question 20

Pancreatic exocrine function

Answer 20

Secretes digestive enzymes e.g protease

Question 21

Two examples of hormone supplements and what they do

Answer 21

Insulin - helps diabetics (controls glucose levels in blood)
Anabolic steroids - builds protein

Question 22

Negative feedback loop; thyroxine

Answer 22

Low thyroxine - TSH is released from pituitary gland - negative inhibition stops too much thyroxine being produced