Variation And Evolution

Question 1

Variation

Answer 1

Differences between members of a species

Question 2

What processes cause inherited variants

Answer 2

Sexual reproduction
Mutations

Question 3

What occurs during sexual reproduction that causes variation

Answer 3

Independent assortment
Crossing over
Fertilisation

Question 4

Mutations

Answer 4

A change in the amount or structure of DNA

Question 5

Examples of mutagens (agents of mutation)

Answer 5

UV radiation
Cigarette smoke

Question 6

Types of mutagens

Answer 6

Gene (point) mutations
Chromosome mutations

Question 7

Examples of gene mutations

Answer 7

Cystic fibrosis
Haemophilia

Question 8

Examples of chromosome mutations

Answer 8

Downs Syndrome
Edwards Syndrome

Question 9

Cell continuity

Answer 9

The ability of cells to divide and survive from one generation to the next

Question 10

Heredity

Answer 10

The passing of characteristics from one generation to the next

Question 11

Species

Answer 11

A group of organisms capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring

Question 12

Gene

Answer 12

Unit of heredity/ inheritance

Question 13

Who are the founders of evolution

Answer 13

Charles Darwin
Alfred Russel Wallace

Question 14

Evolution

Answer 14

The way in which living things within a population change genetically over long periods of time or in response to environmental conditions

Question 15

What is ‘natural selection’

Answer 15

The process by which organisms with genetically controlled characteristics that allow them to be well adapted to their environment will survive and reproduce to pass on their genes to following generations

Question 16

What are Darwin’s first observations and conclusion ?

Answer 16

OB1: Overbreeding occurs
OB2: Population numbers remain consistent
CON1: Struggle for existence

Question 17

What is Darwin’s second observation and conclusion?

Answer 17

OB3: Inherited variations occur
CON2: Natural selection

Question 18

What evidence exists of evolution?

Answer 18

Fossils
They show changes in organisms over time , in relation to environment

Question 19

Example of evolution

Answer 19

Horse
60 MYA - 0.4m tall
1 MYA- 1.6m tall