What is the formula for equilibrium constant?
Kc=products/[reactants](to the power of their stoichemtry.
What is a dynamic equilibrium?
it is a point in a reaction where the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backward reaction in a closed system and the concentrations of the reactants and products are constant.
What is concentration?
the number of moles of a substance dissolved in 1dm^3 of solution
Why is the concentration of a solid constant?
because the density of a solid is constant
What is a mole fraction?
the number of moles of A divided by the number of moles in the mixture
How do you calculate the partial pressure of gas A?
Mole fraction of gas A * Total partial pressure
What only factor does the equilibrium constant depend on?
temperature
What happens to the equilibrium constant (K) in an endothermic and exothermic reaction when the temperature increases?
in an endothermic reaction the K increases and in an exothermic the K decreases
What is a homogeneous reaction?
When reactants and products are in the same phase
What is a heterogeneous reaction?
when the reactants and products are not in the same phase
how do you calculate Kc?
products to the power of their stoichiometry divided by the reactants to the power of their stoichiometry
What does Q(fraction to find Kc)=Kc mean?
the system is at dynamic equilibrium
What does Q(fraction to find Kc)<Kc mean?
the reaction is not at equilibrium and it favours the forward reaction to increase Q
What does Q(fraction to find Kc)>Kc mean?
the reaction is not at equilibrium and favours the backward reaction to decrease the Q
What is the order for calculating the Kc when moles are given?
- initial amount
- change
- equ. amount
- equ. concentration
What is Kpc (partition coefficient)?
the ratio of solute concentrations in two immiscible solvents.
How do you calculate Kpc?
X in the organic layer divided by X in the aqueous layer
What is Ksp (solubility product)?
the product of the concentrations of each ion in a saturated solution of a relatively souble salt
What happens to Ksp when a compound dissolved endothermically and exothermically?
When it dissolves endothermically, Ksp increases, and when it dissolves exothermically, Ksp decreases
True or False: acids are proton acceptors
FALSE, acids are proton donors whilst bases are acceptors
What is a strong acid?
A acid that completely ionises in aqueous solutions
How is pH calculated?
-log10[H3O+(aq)]
How is Kw calculated?
[H+][OH-]
Why do Stronger acids conduct electricity better?
Because it has a higher concentration of H+ ions
